Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Ictiohistologia, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos - LAPROTEC, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, 35501-296, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Sep;68:10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Jul 1.
Pollutants found dispersed in water can cause irritations on the gills, challenge the immune system and prejudice the welfare of the fish. Here we investigated molecules linked to proliferation, survival, and cell death, as well as inflammatory and vascular control, in a model of fish gill remodeling, from injury to recovery. We assessed the gill histology and immunohistochemistry for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax in Hypostomus francisci obtained from a river subjected to chronic anthropic influences and then after they were placed in water of good quality. A total of 30 H. francisci adult individuals were collected and distributed into two groups: euthanized on the day of capture (group 1) and maintained for 30 days in an aquarium (group 2). In all the fish from group 1, the primary and secondary lamellae showed hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, lifting of the epithelium, aneurysm, hyperemia, and vascular congestion. On the other hand, in all the fish from group 2, restoration of gill integrity was observed, and the primary and secondary lamellae showed a simple epithelium, absence of lamellar fusion, hypertrophy, and aneurysm. Gills of fish from group 1 had higher frequency of cells immunopositive for PCNA, iNOS, HSP70, and Bax than those of fish from group 2 (p < 0.05). The molecular and cellular mechanisms from injury to recovery were proposed, with a balance between survival and cell death signals being essential for determining the gill structure. In addition, the findings indicate that recovery of the structural organization of gills is possible if fishes are maintained in good-quality water, indicating the importance of the conservation of aquatic environments.
水中分散的污染物会刺激鱼类的鳃，挑战其免疫系统，损害鱼类福利。在这里，我们研究了鱼类鳃重塑模型中与增殖、存活和细胞死亡以及炎症和血管控制相关的分子，从损伤到恢复。我们评估了 Hypostomus francisci 的鳃组织学和免疫组织化学，以检测增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)、热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70) 和 Bax，这些鱼来自一条受到慢性人为影响的河流，然后将它们放入优质水中。共采集了 30 条成年 Hypostomus francisci 并将其分为两组：在捕获当天安乐死（第 1 组）和在水族馆中饲养 30 天（第 2 组）。第 1 组所有鱼的初级和次级鳃片中均观察到呼吸上皮细胞肥大、板层融合、上皮细胞抬起、动脉瘤、充血和血管充血。另一方面，第 2 组所有鱼的鳃结构都得到了恢复，初级和次级鳃片显示出简单的上皮细胞，没有板层融合、肥大和动脉瘤。第 1 组鱼的鳃中 PCNA、iNOS、HSP70 和 Bax 免疫阳性细胞的频率高于第 2 组鱼（p<0.05）。提出了从损伤到恢复的分子和细胞机制，存活和细胞死亡信号之间的平衡对于确定鳃结构至关重要。此外，这些发现表明，如果鱼类生活在优质水中，其鳃的结构组织是可以恢复的，这表明保护水生环境的重要性。
