Ivanovs Andrejs, Rybtsov Stanislav, Ng Elizabeth S, Stanley Edouard G, Elefanty Andrew G, Medvinsky Alexander
Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.
Development. 2017 Jul 1;144(13):2323-2337. doi: 10.1242/dev.134866.
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during embryogenesis and give rise to the adult haematopoietic system. Understanding how early haematopoietic development occurs is of fundamental importance for basic biology and medical sciences, but our knowledge is still limited compared with what we know of adult HSCs and their microenvironment. This is particularly true for human haematopoiesis, and is reflected in our current inability to recapitulate the development of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells In this Review, we discuss what is known of human haematopoietic development: the anatomical sites at which it occurs, the different temporal waves of haematopoiesis, the emergence of the first HSCs and the signalling landscape of the haematopoietic niche. We also discuss the extent to which differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates bona fide human developmental haematopoiesis, and outline some future directions in the field.
造血干细胞（HSCs）在胚胎发育过程中出现，并发育成成体造血系统。了解早期造血发育的发生机制对基础生物学和医学科学至关重要，但与我们对成体造血干细胞及其微环境的了解相比，我们的认识仍然有限。这在人类造血过程中尤为如此，目前我们无法从多能干细胞中重现造血干细胞的发育过程就反映了这一点。在本综述中，我们讨论了已知的人类造血发育情况：造血发育发生的解剖位置、造血的不同时间阶段、首批造血干细胞的出现以及造血微环境的信号格局。我们还讨论了人类多能干细胞的分化在多大程度上重现了真正的人类发育性造血过程，并概述了该领域未来的一些发展方向。
