Miyake Akira, Friedman Naomi P
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder.
Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2012 Feb;21(1):8-14. doi: 10.1177/0963721411429458.
Executive functions (EFs)-a set of general-purpose control processes that regulate one's thoughts and behaviors-have become a popular research topic lately and have been studied in many subdisciplines of psychological science. This article summarizes the EF research that our group has conducted to understand the nature of individual differences in EFs and their cognitive and biological underpinnings. In the context of a new theoretical framework that we have been developing (the unity/diversity framework), we describe four general conclusions that have emerged from our research. Specifically, we argue that individual differences in EFs, as measured with simple laboratory tasks, (1) show both unity and diversity (different EFs are correlated yet separable); (2) reflect substantial genetic contributions; (3) are related to various clinically and societally important phenomena; and (4) show some developmental stability.
执行功能（EFs）——一组调节个人思维和行为的通用控制过程——近来已成为热门研究课题，并在心理科学的许多子学科中得到研究。本文总结了我们团队为理解执行功能个体差异的本质及其认知和生物学基础而开展的研究。在我们一直在构建的一个新理论框架（统一/多样性框架）背景下，我们描述了从研究中得出的四个一般性结论。具体而言，我们认为，用简单实验室任务衡量的执行功能个体差异：（1）既表现出统一性又表现出多样性（不同的执行功能相互关联但又可分离）；（2）反映出显著的遗传影响；（3）与各种临床和社会重要现象相关；（4）表现出一定的发展稳定性。
