Sale Martin V, Reid Lee B, Cocchi Luca, Pagnozzi Alex M, Rose Stephen E, Mattingley Jason B
The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Sep;38(9):4773-4787. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23710. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Although different aspects of neuroplasticity can be quantified with behavioral probes, brain stimulation, and brain imaging assessments, no study to date has combined all these approaches into one comprehensive assessment of brain plasticity. Here, 24 healthy right-handed participants practiced a sequence of finger-thumb opposition movements for 10 min each day with their left hand. After 4 weeks, performance for the practiced sequence improved significantly (P < 0.05 FWE) relative to a matched control sequence, with both the left (mean increase: 53.0% practiced, 6.5% control) and right (21.0%; 15.8%) hands. Training also induced significant (cluster p-FWE < 0.001) reductions in functional MRI activation for execution of the trained sequence, relative to the control sequence. These changes were observed as clusters in the premotor and supplementary motor cortices (right hemisphere, 301 voxel cluster; left hemisphere 700 voxel cluster), and sensorimotor cortices and superior parietal lobules (right hemisphere 864 voxel cluster; left hemisphere, 1947 voxel cluster). Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right ("trained") primary motor cortex yielded a 58.6% mean increase in a measure of motor evoked potential amplitude, as recorded at the left abductor pollicis brevis muscle. Cortical thickness analyses based on structural MRI suggested changes in the right precentral gyrus, right post central gyrus, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and potentially the right supplementary motor area. Such findings are consistent with LTP-like neuroplastic changes in areas that were already responsible for finger sequence execution, rather than improved recruitment of previously nonutilized tissue. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4773-4787, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
虽然神经可塑性的不同方面可以通过行为探测、脑刺激和脑成像评估来量化，但迄今为止，尚无研究将所有这些方法结合起来，对脑可塑性进行全面评估。在此，24名健康的右利手参与者每天用左手练习一系列拇指对指动作，每次练习10分钟。4周后，相对于匹配的对照序列，练习序列的表现显著提高（P < 0.05，家族性错误率校正），左手（练习序列平均提高53.0%，对照序列提高6.5%）和右手（分别提高21.0%和15.8%）均如此。训练还导致相对于对照序列，功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）在执行训练序列时的激活显著降低（聚类p - 家族性错误率校正< 0.001）。这些变化表现为运动前区和辅助运动皮层（右半球，301体素聚类；左半球700体素聚类）、感觉运动皮层和顶上小叶（右半球864体素聚类；左半球1947体素聚类）中的聚类。对右侧（“训练过的”）初级运动皮层进行经颅磁刺激，记录到左侧拇短展肌的运动诱发电位幅度平均增加了58.6%。基于结构磁共振成像的皮层厚度分析表明，右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回、右侧背外侧前额叶皮层以及可能的右侧辅助运动区发生了变化。这些发现与在已经负责手指序列执行的区域中发生的类似长时程增强（LTP）的神经可塑性变化一致，而不是对先前未使用组织的更好募集。《人类大脑图谱》38:4773 - 4787，2017年。© 2017威利期刊公司。
