Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2018 Jan;28(1):46-54. doi: 10.1038/jes.2017.7. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
Dietary risks for the German population owing to pesticide residues in foods were assessed based on food monitoring data, consumption surveys for children and adults and compound specific toxicological reference values or general thresholds of toxicological concern. A tiered probabilistic modelling was conducted to screen 700 pesticides for significant long- and short-term dietary exposures. Especially for the short-term dietary exposure, the probabilistic methodology used allows simultaneous consideration of the complete daily consumption, whereas most regulatory bodies still rely on single commodity approaches. After screening, refined exposure assessments were conducted for 19 compounds under consideration of conversion factors for toxicologically relevant metabolites, processing information, experimentally derived variability factors and the edible portion for each food item. In total, for 693 compounds the dietary exposure was unlikely to present a chronic or acute public health concern for the German population. In contrast, the refined assessments indicate that the short-term dietary exposure for chlorpyrifos and the cumulative short-term dietary exposure for dimethoate and omethoate may present a public health concern. For copper, owing to exposure assessment limitations, as well as for dimethylvinphos, halfenprox and tricyclazole, which exceeded the thresholds of toxicological concern, the dietary risk assessment remained inconclusive.
基于食物监测数据、儿童和成人消费调查以及特定化合物的毒理学参考值或一般毒理关注阈值，评估了德国人口因食物中农药残留而面临的饮食风险。采用分层概率建模方法对 700 种农药进行筛选，以评估长期和短期饮食暴露的显著性。特别是对于短期饮食暴露，所使用的概率方法允许同时考虑完整的日常消费，而大多数监管机构仍然依赖于单一商品方法。筛选后，考虑到毒理学相关代谢物的转化因子、加工信息、实验得出的变异性因素以及每种食品的可食用部分，对 19 种化合物进行了精细化的暴露评估。总的来说，对于 693 种化合物，饮食暴露不太可能对德国人口造成慢性或急性公共健康问题。相比之下，精细化评估表明，氯吡硫磷的短期饮食暴露以及乐果、氧乐果的累积短期饮食暴露可能对公共健康构成威胁。由于暴露评估的局限性，以及铜、二甲戊乐灵、硫丹和三唑酮超过了毒理关注阈值，饮食风险评估仍不确定。
