Bachir Alexia I, Horwitz Alan Rick, Nelson W James, Bianchini Julie M
Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon 97402.
Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Jul 5;9(7):a023234. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023234.
Cell adhesions link cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to each other and depend on interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Both cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites contain discrete, yet overlapping, functional modules. These modules establish physical associations with the actin cytoskeleton, locally modulate actin organization and dynamics, and trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Interplay between these modules generates distinct actin architectures that underlie different stages, types, and functions of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions. Actomyosin contractility is required to generate mature, stable adhesions, as well as to sense and translate the mechanical properties of the cellular environment into changes in cell organization and behavior. Here, we review the organization and function of different adhesion modules and how they interact with the actin cytoskeleton. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in adhesions and how adhesion molecules mediate cross talk between cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites.
细胞黏附将细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）相连，并使细胞彼此相连，且依赖于与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的相互作用。细胞与ECM以及细胞与细胞之间的黏附位点均包含离散但相互重叠的功能模块。这些模块与肌动蛋白细胞骨架建立物理关联，局部调节肌动蛋白的组织和动态，并触发细胞内信号通路。这些模块之间的相互作用产生了独特的肌动蛋白结构，这些结构是细胞与ECM以及细胞与细胞黏附的不同阶段、类型和功能的基础。肌动球蛋白收缩性对于产生成熟、稳定的黏附以及感知细胞环境的机械特性并将其转化为细胞组织和行为的变化是必需的。在这里，我们综述了不同黏附模块的组织和功能，以及它们如何与肌动蛋白细胞骨架相互作用。我们强调了黏附中机械转导的分子机制，以及黏附分子如何介导细胞与ECM和细胞与细胞黏附位点之间的相互作用。
