De Pascalis Chiara, Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur Paris, CNRS UMR3691, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
UPMC Université Paris 06, IFD, Sorbonne Universités, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Mol Biol Cell. 2017 Jul 7;28(14):1833-1846. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E17-03-0134.
Chemical and physical properties of the environment control cell proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis in the long term. However, to be able to move and migrate through a complex three-dimensional environment, cells must quickly adapt in the short term to the physical properties of their surroundings. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) occur through focal adhesions or hemidesmosomes via the engagement of integrins with fibrillar ECM proteins. Cells also interact with their neighbors, and this involves various types of intercellular adhesive structures such as tight junctions, cadherin-based adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Mechanobiology studies have shown that cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions participate in mechanosensing to transduce mechanical cues into biochemical signals and conversely are responsible for the transmission of intracellular forces to the extracellular environment. As they migrate, cells use these adhesive structures to probe their surroundings, adapt their mechanical properties, and exert the appropriate forces required for their movements. The focus of this review is to give an overview of recent developments showing the bidirectional relationship between the physical properties of the environment and the cell mechanical responses during single and collective cell migration.
从长期来看，环境的化学和物理特性控制着细胞的增殖、分化或凋亡。然而，为了能够在复杂的三维环境中移动和迁移，细胞必须在短期内迅速适应周围环境的物理特性。细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的相互作用通过粘着斑或半桥粒发生，即整合素与纤维状ECM蛋白的结合。细胞也与相邻细胞相互作用，这涉及到各种类型的细胞间粘附结构，如紧密连接、基于钙粘蛋白的粘着连接和桥粒。力学生物学研究表明，细胞与ECM以及细胞与细胞之间的粘附参与了机械传感，将机械信号转化为生化信号，反之则负责将细胞内力传递到细胞外环境。在迁移过程中，细胞利用这些粘附结构探测周围环境，调整其机械特性，并施加运动所需的适当力量。本综述的重点是概述近期的研究进展，这些进展展示了在单个细胞和集体细胞迁移过程中，环境物理特性与细胞机械反应之间的双向关系。
