McKinley Geoffrey L, Brown-Schmidt Sarah, Benjamin Aaron S
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2017 Nov;45(8):1281-1294. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0730-3.
Efficient conversation is guided by the mutual knowledge, or common ground, that interlocutors form as a conversation progresses. Characterized from the perspective of commonly used measures of memory, efficient conversation should be closely associated with item memory-what was said-and context memory-who said what to whom. However, few studies have explicitly probed memory to evaluate what type of information is maintained following a communicative exchange. The current study examined how item and context memory relate to the development of common ground over the course of a conversation, and how these forms of memory vary as a function of one's role in a conversation as speaker or listener. The process of developing common ground was positively related to both item and context memory. In addition, content that was spoken was remembered better than content that was heard. Our findings illustrate how memory assessments can complement language measures by revealing the impact that basic conversational processes have on memory for what has been discussed. By taking this approach, we show that not only does the process of forming common ground facilitate communication in the present, but it also promotes an enduring record of that event, facilitating conversation into the future.
高效的对话是由对话者在对话过程中形成的共同知识或共同基础所引导的。从常用的记忆测量角度来看，高效的对话应该与项目记忆（说了什么）和情境记忆（谁对谁说了什么）密切相关。然而，很少有研究明确探究记忆，以评估在交流之后会保留何种类型的信息。当前的研究考察了项目记忆和情境记忆在对话过程中如何与共同基础的发展相关联，以及这些记忆形式如何因一个人在对话中作为说话者或倾听者的角色而有所不同。共同基础的发展过程与项目记忆和情境记忆均呈正相关。此外，所说的内容比所听到的内容记得更好。我们的研究结果说明了记忆评估如何通过揭示基本对话过程对所讨论内容记忆的影响来补充语言测量。通过采用这种方法，我们表明，形成共同基础的过程不仅在当下促进了交流，而且还促进了该事件的持久记录，便于未来的对话。
