Takeda Tomotaka, Kawakami Yoshiaki, Konno Michiyo, Matsuda Yoshiaki, Nishino Masayasu, Suzuki Yoshihiro, Kawano Yoshiaki, Nakajima Kazunori, Ozawa Toshimitsu, Kondo Yoshihiro, Sakatani Kaoru
Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Sports Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of General Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;977:199-204. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_27.
Aging often results in a decline in cognitive function, related to alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. Maintenance of this function in an aging society is an important issue. Some practices/drills, moderate exercise, mastication, and a cognitive task itself could enhance cognitive function. In this validation study, before evaluating the effects of some drills on the elderly, we examined the neural substrate of blood oxygenation changes by the use of four cognitive tasks and fNIRS. Seven healthy volunteers (mean age 25.3 years) participated in this study. Each task session was designed in a block manner; 4 periods of rests (30 s) and 3 blocks of four tasks (30 s). The tasks used were: a computerized Stroop test, a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a Sternberg working memory paradigm, and a semantic verbal fluency task. The findings of the study are that all four tasks activated PFC to some extent, without laterality except for the verbal fluency task. The results confirm that NIRS is suitable for measurement of blood oxygenation changes in frontal brain areas that are associated with all four cognitive tasks.
衰老常常导致认知功能下降，这与前额叶皮层（PFC）激活的改变有关。在老龄化社会中维持这种功能是一个重要问题。一些练习/训练、适度运动、咀嚼以及认知任务本身都可以增强认知功能。在这项验证研究中，在评估某些训练对老年人的影响之前，我们通过使用四项认知任务和功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）研究了血液氧合变化的神经基础。七名健康志愿者（平均年龄25.3岁）参与了本研究。每个任务环节采用组块设计；4个休息时段（30秒）和3个包含四项任务的组块（30秒）。所使用的任务包括：计算机化斯特鲁普测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验、斯特恩伯格工作记忆范式和语义言语流畅性任务。该研究的结果是，除言语流畅性任务外，所有四项任务均在一定程度上激活了PFC，且无偏侧性。结果证实，近红外光谱技术适用于测量与所有四项认知任务相关的额叶脑区的血液氧合变化。
