CoE NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2018 Oct;177(7):625-629. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32561. Epub 2017 Jul 7.
Nordic countries have played an important role in the recent progress in psychiatric genetics, both with large well-characterized samples and expertise. The Nordic countries have research advantages due to the organization of their societies, including system of personal identifiers, national health registries with information about diseases, treatment and prescriptions, and a public health system with geographical catchment areas. For psychiatric genetic research, the large biobanks and population surveys are a unique added value. Further, the population is motivated to participate in research, and there is a trust in the institutions of the society. These factors have been important for Nordic contributions to biomedical research, and particularly psychiatric genetics. In the era of eHealth, the situation seems even more advantageous for Nordic countries. The system with public health care makes it easy to implement national measures, and most of the Nordic health care sector is already based on electronic information. The potential advantages regarding informed consent, large scale recruitment and follow-up, and longitudinal cohort studies are tremendous. New precision medicine approaches can be tested within the health care system, with an integrated approach, using large hospitals or regions of the country as a test beds. However, data protection and legal framework have to be clarified. In order to succeed, it is important to keep the people's trust, and maintain the high ethical standards and systems for secure data management. Then the full potential of the Nordic countries can be leveraged in the new era of precision medicine including psychiatric genetics.
北欧国家在精神科遗传学的最新进展中发挥了重要作用，拥有大量特征明确的样本和专业知识。北欧国家由于其社会的组织形式具有研究优势，包括个人身份识别系统、包含疾病、治疗和处方信息的国家健康登记处，以及具有地理服务区的公共卫生系统。对于精神科遗传学研究而言，大型生物库和人群调查是一项独特的附加值。此外，民众积极参与研究，对社会机构充满信任。这些因素对于北欧对生物医学研究，尤其是精神科遗传学的贡献至关重要。在电子健康时代，北欧国家的情况似乎更加有利。公共医疗保健系统使实施国家措施变得容易，而且大多数北欧医疗保健部门已经基于电子信息。在获得知情同意、大规模招募和随访，以及纵向队列研究方面具有巨大的潜力。新的精准医学方法可以在医疗保健系统中进行测试，采用整体方法，以大型医院或国家的某些地区作为试验台。然而，数据保护和法律框架尚需澄清。为了取得成功，必须赢得民众的信任，保持高标准的伦理准则和安全的数据管理体系。然后，北欧国家的全部潜力才能在精准医学（包括精神科遗传学）的新时代得以发挥。
