视觉四分之一浪费法评估中学和高中食堂食物浪费情况的效度和评分者间信度
Validity and Interrater Reliability of the Visual Quarter-Waste Method for Assessing Food Waste in Middle School and High School Cafeteria Settings.
作者信息
Getts Katherine M, Quinn Emilee L, Johnson Donna B, Otten Jennifer J
出版信息
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Nov;117(11):1816-1821. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jul 6.
BACKGROUND
Measuring food waste (ie, plate waste) in school cafeterias is an important tool to evaluate the effectiveness of school nutrition policies and interventions aimed at increasing consumption of healthier meals. Visual assessment methods are frequently applied in plate waste studies because they are more convenient than weighing. The visual quarter-waste method has become a common tool in studies of school meal waste and consumption, but previous studies of its validity and reliability have used correlation coefficients, which measure association but not necessarily agreement.
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to determine, using a statistic measuring interrater agreement, whether the visual quarter-waste method is valid and reliable for assessing food waste in a school cafeteria setting when compared with the gold standard of weighed plate waste.
METHODS
To evaluate validity, researchers used the visual quarter-waste method and weighed food waste from 748 trays at four middle schools and five high schools in one school district in Washington State during May 2014. To assess interrater reliability, researcher pairs independently assessed 59 of the same trays using the visual quarter-waste method. Both validity and reliability were assessed using a weighted κ coefficient.
RESULTS
For validity, as compared with the measured weight, 45% of foods assessed using the visual quarter-waste method were in almost perfect agreement, 42% of foods were in substantial agreement, 10% were in moderate agreement, and 3% were in slight agreement. For interrater reliability between pairs of visual assessors, 46% of foods were in perfect agreement, 31% were in almost perfect agreement, 15% were in substantial agreement, and 8% were in moderate agreement.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the visual quarter-waste method is a valid and reliable tool for measuring plate waste in school cafeteria settings.
背景
测量学校食堂的食物浪费（即餐盘剩余食物）是评估学校营养政策及旨在增加健康餐食摄入量的干预措施有效性的一项重要手段。视觉评估方法在餐盘剩余食物研究中经常被采用，因为它们比称重更为便捷。视觉四分之一剩余法已成为学校餐食浪费与消费研究中的常用工具，但以往对其有效性和可靠性的研究使用的是相关系数，相关系数衡量的是关联性而非必然的一致性。
目的
本研究的目的是，与称重餐盘剩余食物这一黄金标准相比，使用一种衡量评估者间一致性的统计方法来确定视觉四分之一剩余法在学校食堂环境中评估食物浪费时是否有效且可靠。
方法
为评估有效性，研究人员于2014年5月在华盛顿州一个学区的四所初中和五所高中使用视觉四分之一剩余法并对748个餐盘的食物浪费情况进行称重。为评估评估者间的可靠性，研究人员成对地使用视觉四分之一剩余法对59个相同的餐盘进行独立评估。有效性和可靠性均使用加权κ系数进行评估。
结果
在有效性方面，与测量重量相比，使用视觉四分之一剩余法评估的食物中，45%的食物一致性几乎完美，42%的食物一致性较高，10%的食物一致性中等，3%的食物一致性较低。在视觉评估者对之间的评估者间可靠性方面，46%的食物一致性完美，31%的食物一致性几乎完美，15%的食物一致性较高，8%的食物一致性中等。
结论
这些结果表明，视觉四分之一剩余法是测量学校食堂环境中餐盘剩余食物的有效且可靠的工具。
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