Morton Eva M, Rafferty Nicole E
Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 USA.
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado 81224 USA.
Appl Plant Sci. 2017 Jun 7;5(6). doi: 10.3732/apps.1600133. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Climate change is affecting both the timing of life history events and the spatial distributions of many species, including plants and pollinators. Shifts in phenology and range affect not only individual plant and pollinator species but also interactions among them, with possible negative consequences for both parties due to unfavorable abiotic conditions or mismatches caused by differences in shift magnitude or direction. Ultimately, population extinctions and reductions in pollination services could occur as a result of these climate change-induced shifts, or plants and pollinators could be buffered by plastic or genetic responses or novel interactions. Either scenario will likely involve altered selection pressures, making an understanding of plasticity and local adaptation in space and time especially important. In this review, we discuss two methods for studying plant-pollinator interactions under climate change: spatial and temporal transplants, both of which offer insight into whether plants and pollinators will be able to adapt to novel conditions. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method and the future possibilities for this area of study. We advocate for consideration of how joint shifts in both dimensions might affect plant-pollinator interactions and point to key insights that can be gained with experimental transplants.
气候变化正在影响包括植物和传粉者在内的许多物种的生活史事件发生时间和空间分布。物候和分布范围的变化不仅影响单个植物和传粉者物种，还影响它们之间的相互作用，由于不利的非生物条件或因变化幅度或方向差异导致的不匹配，可能对双方都产生负面影响。最终，这些由气候变化引起的变化可能导致种群灭绝和传粉服务减少，或者植物和传粉者可以通过可塑性或遗传反应或新的相互作用得到缓冲。任何一种情况都可能涉及改变选择压力，因此了解空间和时间上的可塑性和局部适应性尤为重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了两种在气候变化条件下研究植物 - 传粉者相互作用的方法：空间和时间移植，这两种方法都有助于深入了解植物和传粉者是否能够适应新环境。我们讨论了每种方法的优缺点以及该研究领域的未来可能性。我们主张考虑两个维度的共同变化如何影响植物 - 传粉者相互作用，并指出通过实验移植可以获得的关键见解。
