Yang Lin, Griffin Simon, Khaw Kay-Tee, Wareham Nick, Panter Jenna
MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
BMC Public Health. 2017 May 17;17(1):458. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4396-3.
Few studies have assessed the predictors of changes in commuting. This study investigated the associations between physical environmental characteristics and changes in active commuting.
Adults from the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort self-reported commuting patterns in 2000 and 2007. Active commuters were defined as those who reported 'always' or 'usually' walking or cycling to work. Environmental attributes around the home and route were assessed using Geographical Information Systems. Associations between potential environmental predictors and uptake and maintenance of active commuting were modelled using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and BMI.
Of the 2757 participants (62% female, median baseline age: 52, IQR: 50-56 years), most were passive commuters at baseline (76%, n = 2099) and did not change their usual commute mode over 7 years (82%, n = 2277). In multivariable regression models, participants living further from work were less likely to take up active commuting and those living in neighbourhoods with more streetlights were more likely to take up active commuting (both p < 0.05). Findings for maintenance were similar: participants living further from work (over 10 km, OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.13) and had a main or secondary road on route were more likely to maintain their active commuting (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.98). Those living in neighbourhoods with greater density of employment locations were more likely to maintain their active commuting.
Co-locating residential and employment centres as well as redesigning urban areas to improve safety for pedestrians and cyclists may encourage active commuting. Future evaluative studies should seek to assess the effects of redesigning the built environment on active commuting and physical activity.
很少有研究评估通勤方式变化的预测因素。本研究调查了物理环境特征与主动通勤变化之间的关联。
基于人群的欧洲癌症前瞻性调查（EPIC）-诺福克队列中的成年人在2000年和2007年自行报告了通勤模式。主动通勤者被定义为那些报告“总是”或“通常”步行或骑自行车上班的人。使用地理信息系统评估家周围和路线的环境属性。使用逻辑回归模型对潜在环境预测因素与主动通勤的采用和维持之间的关联进行建模，并对年龄、性别和体重指数进行调整。
在2757名参与者中（62%为女性，基线年龄中位数：52岁，四分位间距：50-56岁），大多数在基线时为被动通勤者（76%，n = 2099），并且在7年内没有改变其通常的通勤方式（82%，n = 2277）。在多变量回归模型中，居住距离工作地点较远的参与者采用主动通勤的可能性较小，而居住在路灯较多社区的参与者采用主动通勤的可能性较大（两者p < 0.05）。维持主动通勤的结果类似：居住距离工作地点较远（超过10公里，比值比：0.06；95%置信区间：0.25至0.13）且路线上有主干道或次干道的参与者更有可能维持主动通勤（比值比：0.52；95%置信区间：0.28至0.98）。居住在就业地点密度较大社区的参与者更有可能维持主动通勤。
将居住和就业中心设置在一起，以及重新设计城市区域以提高行人和骑自行车者的安全性，可能会鼓励主动通勤。未来的评估研究应设法评估重新设计建筑环境对主动通勤和身体活动的影响。
