Jeong Hee-Yeong, Choi Yong-Seok, Lee Jae-Kang, Lee Beom-Joon, Kim Woo-Ki, Kang Hee
Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
Sajo DongA One Co., Ltd., Dangjin 31703, Korea.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 10;9(7):730. doi: 10.3390/nu9070730.
Until recently, fermentation was the only processing used to improve the functionality of wheat germ. The release of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) from hydroquinone glycosides during the fermentation process is considered a marker of quality control. Here, we treated wheat germ extract with citric acid (CWG) to release DMBQ and examined the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract using a lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage model. Treatment of wheat germ with citric acid resulted in detectable release of DMBQ but reduced total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared with untreated wheat germ extract (UWG). CWG inhibited secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 and the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2, while UWG only decreased IL-12 production. CWG and UWG induced high levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and heme oxygenase-1. CWG specifically inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38 kinase at 15 min after LPS stimulation. Our study showed that citric acid treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of wheat germ extract.
直到最近，发酵仍是用于改善小麦胚芽功能的唯一加工方法。在发酵过程中对苯二酚糖苷释放出2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌（DMBQ）被认为是质量控制的一个指标。在此，我们用柠檬酸处理小麦胚芽提取物（CWG）以释放DMBQ，并使用脂多糖激活的巨噬细胞模型检测该提取物的抗炎活性。用柠檬酸处理小麦胚芽导致可检测到DMBQ的释放，但与未处理的小麦胚芽提取物（UWG）相比，总酚和总黄酮含量降低。CWG抑制促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6和IL-12的分泌以及环氧合酶-2的合成，而UWG仅降低IL-12的产生。CWG和UWG诱导高水平的抗炎性IL-10和血红素加氧酶-1。在LPS刺激后15分钟，CWG特异性抑制NF-κB p65和p38激酶的磷酸化。我们的研究表明，柠檬酸处理增强了小麦胚芽提取物的抗炎活性。
