Katzenellenbogen Rachel
Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Viruses. 2017 Jul 10;9(7):180. doi: 10.3390/v9070180.
Telomerase extends the repetitive DNA at the ends of linear chromosomes, and it is normally active in stem cells. When expressed in somatic diploid cells, it can lead to cellular immortalization. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with and high-risk for cancer activate telomerase through the catalytic subunit of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The expression of hTERT is affected by both high-risk HPVs, E6 and E7. Seminal studies over the last two decades have identified the transcriptional, epigenetic, and post-transcriptional roles high-risk E6 and E7 have in telomerase induction. This review will summarize these findings during infection and highlight the importance of telomerase activation as an oncogenic pathway in HPV-associated cancer development and progression.
端粒酶可延长线性染色体末端的重复DNA，它通常在干细胞中具有活性。当在体细胞二倍体细胞中表达时，它可导致细胞永生化。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）与癌症相关且具有高风险，其通过端粒酶的催化亚基人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）激活端粒酶。hTERT的表达受高危型HPV的E6和E7两者影响。过去二十年的重要研究已经确定了高危型E6和E7在端粒酶诱导中的转录、表观遗传和转录后作用。本综述将总结感染期间的这些发现，并强调端粒酶激活作为HPV相关癌症发生和发展中的致癌途径的重要性。
