在使用日常工具启动动作时,功能可供性和情境可供性之间是否存在竞争?
Is there a Competition between Functional and Situational Affordances during Action Initiation with Everyday Tools?
作者信息
Roche Kévin, Chainay Hanna
机构信息
Département Marketing, Grenoble Ecole de ManagementGrenoble, France.
Laboratoire EMC, Université Lumière Lyon 2Lyon, France.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 28;8:1073. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01073. eCollection 2017.
Most studies of human-tool interactions focus on the typical use of a tool (e.g., cutting in the case of a knife). However, little is known about situations requiring atypical tool use (e.g., using a knife to tighten a screw). The present study focused on a selection of atypical uses of everyday tools which might be in conflict with their typical use. Our objective was to study how tool function influences the selection of the relevant action. In Experiment 1, which involved visuomotor priming, two everyday tools (a knife and a screwdriver) and two neutral tools (two bars, with no strong functional affordance) were used as primes and targets. Participants had to use the target with the appropriate box (indicated by the color) that allowed to make an action. Longer initiation times were observed when the prime was an everyday tool, irrespective of the nature of the target. We therefore observed a conflict between functional and situational affordances. To investigate whether the priming effect is caused by the task-irrelevance of the prime, we asked the participants in Experiment 2 to perform an action associated with the prime. The results showed longer initiation times only when the prime and target were everyday tools, irrespective of their precise nature. This suggests that activation of the typical use of a tool might not be fully automatic but flexible depending on the situation.
大多数关于人类与工具交互的研究都聚焦于工具的典型用途(例如,刀用于切割)。然而,对于需要非典型工具使用的情况(例如,用刀拧紧螺丝)却知之甚少。本研究聚焦于日常工具的一系列非典型用途,这些用途可能与它们的典型用途相冲突。我们的目标是研究工具功能如何影响相关动作的选择。在实验1中,涉及视觉运动启动,使用了两种日常工具(一把刀和一把螺丝刀)和两种中性工具(两根没有强烈功能可供性的棒)作为启动刺激和目标刺激。参与者必须使用目标刺激与合适的盒子(由颜色指示)进行能产生动作的操作。当启动刺激是日常工具时,无论目标刺激的性质如何,都观察到了更长的启动时间。因此,我们观察到了功能可供性和情境可供性之间的冲突。为了研究启动效应是否由启动刺激与任务无关引起,我们在实验2中要求参与者执行与启动刺激相关的动作。结果表明,只有当启动刺激和目标刺激都是日常工具时,无论它们的确切性质如何,都会观察到更长的启动时间。这表明工具典型用途的激活可能不是完全自动的,而是根据情况灵活变化的。
相似文献
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015-3-27
Exp Brain Res. 2019-6-15
Exp Brain Res. 2016-4
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016-10
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019-12
引用本文的文献
Front Psychol. 2020-8-21
本文引用的文献
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017-2
Trends Cogn Sci. 2016-4-22
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2016-1
Front Hum Neurosci. 2015-6-19
Front Psychol. 2014-2-24
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2014
Psychon Bull Rev. 2014-6