Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 May;46(4):659-669. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0329-y.
The trait-impulsivity etiological model assumes that a general factor (trait-impulsivity) underlies attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and other externalizing disorders. We investigated the plausibility of this assumption by testing the factor structure of ADHD and ODD in a bifactor framework for a clinical sample of 1420 children between 6 and 18 years of age (M = 9.99, SD = 3.34; 85% male). Further, the trait-impulsivity etiological model assumes that ODD emerges only if environmental risk factors are present. Our results support the validity of the trait-impulsivity etiological model, as they confirm that ADHD and ODD share a strong general factor of disruptive behavior (DB) in this clinical sample. Furthermore, unlike the subdimensions of ADHD, we found that the specific ODD factor explained as much true score variance as the general DB factor. This suggests that a common scale of ADHD and ODD may prove to be as important as a separate ODD subscale to assess externalizing problems in school-age children. However, all other subscales of ADHD may not explain sufficient true score variance once the impact of the general DB factor has been taken into consideration. In accordance with the trait-impulsivity model, we also showed that all factors, but predominantly the general factor and specific inattention factor, predicted parent-rated impairment, and that predominantly ODD and impulsivity are predicted by environmental risk factors.
特质冲动病因模型假设，一般因素（特质冲动）是注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、对立违抗性障碍（ODD）和其他外化障碍的基础。我们通过在一个双因素框架中对 1420 名 6 至 18 岁（M=9.99，SD=3.34；85%为男性）的临床样本进行 ADHD 和 ODD 的因子结构测试，来检验这一假设的合理性。此外，特质冲动病因模型假设 ODD 只有在存在环境风险因素的情况下才会出现。我们的研究结果支持特质冲动病因模型的有效性，因为它们证实了 ADHD 和 ODD 在该临床样本中存在强烈的破坏性行为（DB）一般因素。此外，与 ADHD 的子维度不同，我们发现特定的 ODD 因子与一般的 DB 因子一样，能解释相同的真实分数方差。这表明 ADHD 和 ODD 的共同量表可能与单独的 ODD 子量表一样重要，用于评估学龄儿童的外化问题。然而，一旦考虑到一般 DB 因素的影响，所有其他 ADHD 子量表可能无法解释足够的真实分数方差。根据特质冲动模型，我们还表明，所有因素，但主要是一般因素和特定注意力不集中因素，都可以预测父母评定的损伤，而主要是 ODD 和冲动则由环境风险因素预测。
