Lu Fengjuan, Hou Yanyan, Zhang Heming, Chu Yiwen, Xia Haiyang, Tian Yongqiang
Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education and College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
3 Biotech. 2017 Aug;7(4):250. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0875-6. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
The numerous secondary metabolites in Streptomyces spp. are crucial for various applications. For example, cephamycin C is used as an antibiotic, and avermectin is used as an insecticide. Specifically, antibiotic yield is closely related to many factors, such as the external environment, nutrition (including nitrogen and carbon sources), biosynthetic efficiency and the regulatory mechanisms in producing strains. There are various types of regulatory genes that work in different ways, such as pleiotropic (or global) regulatory genes, cluster-situated regulators, which are also called pathway-specific regulatory genes, and many other regulators. The study of regulatory genes that influence antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces spp. not only provides a theoretical basis for antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces but also helps to increase the yield of antibiotics via molecular manipulation of these regulatory genes. Currently, more and more emphasis is being placed on the regulatory genes of antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces spp., and many studies on these genes have been performed to improve the yield of antibiotics in Streptomyces. This paper lists many antibiotic biosynthesis regulatory genes in Streptomyces spp. and focuses on frequently investigated regulatory genes that are involved in pathway-specific regulation and pleiotropic regulation and their applications in genetic engineering.
链霉菌属中的众多次生代谢产物对于各种应用至关重要。例如，头孢霉素C用作抗生素，阿维菌素用作杀虫剂。具体而言，抗生素产量与许多因素密切相关，如外部环境、营养（包括氮源和碳源）、生物合成效率以及生产菌株中的调控机制。存在多种以不同方式起作用的调控基因，如多效性（或全局）调控基因、位于基因簇的调控因子（也称为途径特异性调控基因）以及许多其他调控因子。对影响链霉菌属抗生素生物合成的调控基因的研究不仅为链霉菌抗生素生物合成提供了理论基础，还有助于通过对这些调控基因进行分子操作来提高抗生素产量。目前，越来越多的重点放在链霉菌属抗生素生物合成基因簇的调控基因上，并且已经针对这些基因进行了许多研究以提高链霉菌中抗生素的产量。本文列出了链霉菌属中的许多抗生素生物合成调控基因，并重点关注参与途径特异性调控和多效性调控的经常被研究的调控基因及其在基因工程中的应用。
