Young Ian, Reimer Danielle, Greig Judy, Meldrum Richard, Turgeon Patricia, Waddell Lisa
1 School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University , Toronto, Canada .
2 National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada , Guelph, Canada .
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2017 Nov;14(11):609-622. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2288. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
Consumers often engage in unsafe food handling behaviors at home. Previous studies have investigated the ability of behavior-change theories to explain and predict these behaviors. The purpose of this review was to determine which theories are most consistently associated with consumers' safe food handling behaviors across the published literature. A standardized systematic review methodology was used, consisting of the following steps: comprehensive search strategy; relevance screening of identified references; confirmation of relevance and characterization of relevant articles; risk-of-bias assessment; data extraction; and descriptive analysis of study results. A total of 20 relevant studies were identified; they were mostly conducted in Australia (40%) and the United States (35%) and used a cross-sectional design (65%). Most studies targeted young adults (65%), and none focused on high-risk consumer groups. The outcomes of 70% of studies received high overall risk-of-bias ratings, largely due to a lack of control for confounding variables. The most commonly applied theory was the Theory of Planned Behavior (45% of studies), which, along with other investigated theories of behavior change, was frequently associated with consumer safe food handling behavioral intentions and behaviors. However, overall, there was wide variation in the specific constructs found to be significantly associated and in the percentage of variance explained in each outcome across studies. The results suggest that multiple theories of behavior change can help to explain consumer safe food handling behaviors and could be adopted to guide the development of future behavior-change interventions. In these contexts, theories should be appropriately selected and adapted to meet the needs of the specific target population and context of interest.
消费者在家中常常会有不安全的食品处理行为。以往的研究探讨了行为改变理论解释和预测这些行为的能力。本综述的目的是确定在已发表的文献中，哪些理论与消费者安全的食品处理行为最始终相关。采用了标准化的系统综述方法，包括以下步骤：全面的检索策略；对已识别参考文献的相关性筛选；相关文章相关性的确认和特征描述；偏倚风险评估；数据提取；以及研究结果的描述性分析。共识别出20项相关研究；它们大多在澳大利亚（40%）和美国（35%）进行，采用横断面设计（65%）。大多数研究针对年轻人（65%），没有一项研究关注高风险消费者群体。70%的研究结果总体偏倚风险评级较高，主要原因是缺乏对混杂变量的控制。最常应用的理论是计划行为理论（45%的研究），该理论与其他调查的行为改变理论一起，经常与消费者安全的食品处理行为意图和行为相关。然而，总体而言，在不同研究中发现显著相关的具体结构以及每个结果中所解释的方差百分比存在很大差异。结果表明，多种行为改变理论有助于解释消费者安全的食品处理行为，并可用于指导未来行为改变干预措施的制定。在这些情况下，应适当选择和调整理论，以满足特定目标人群和感兴趣背景的需求。
