Jafaralilou Hamid, Zareban Iraj, Hajaghazadeh Mohammad, Matin Habibeh, Didarloo Alireza
Health Education and Promotion, Khoy Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
2Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2019;94(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s42506-018-0001-6. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
The occurrence of occupational accidents is a serious public health issue in industrial workers and may impose life jeopardizing complications. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a training intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on helmet use of workers in cement factories in Khoy and Urmia, Northwest of Iran.
This study was a controlled quasi-experimental investigation (before and after) which was conducted on 170 workers employed in Khoy and Urmia cement factories, Northwest of Iran. Eighty-five eligible subjects from Khoy (as intervention group) and 85 similar samples from Urmia (as control group) were selected and recruited. A valid and reliable four-part questionnaire was used to collect the data including socio demographic information, awareness, the theory constructs, and the behavior. After completing the study questionnaire and needs assessment, a specific educational program was implemented on the intervention group only. The effects of education were compared between the groups before and after intervention. The posttest was applied 1 month after educational intervention.
The mean age of workers in the intervention and control groups was 34.32 ± 8.19 and 33.62 ± 6.17 years, respectively. Before education, the mean score of awareness and helmet use behavior of intervention group was 6.15 ± 3.4 and 5.35 ± 2.8, but after education, those changed into 13.61 ± 3.10 and 9.15 ± 1.65, and the differences were significant ( < 0.01). In addition, before education, the mean score of attitude, subjective norm, behavioral control, and behavioral intention of intervention group was 27 ± 5.17, 37.74 ± 6.92, 29.56 ± 6.17, and 17.65 ± 4.90, respectively. After education, the mean score of those changed into 37.26 ± 4.76, 48.34 ± 5.64, 42 ± 8.07, and 24.79 ± 5.33, respectively, and changes were statistically significant ( < 0.01), while no statistically significant differences were observed in awareness, the behavior, and the theory constructs in the control group after the intervention.
The TPB-based educational approach had a remarkable effect on helmet use of workers. Applying this theory to improve workers' personal protective behaviors is recommended and emphasized.
职业事故的发生是产业工人面临的一个严重公共卫生问题，可能会带来危及生命的并发症。本研究的目的是评估基于计划行为理论（TPB）的培训干预对伊朗西北部霍伊和乌尔米耶水泥厂工人佩戴安全帽行为的影响。
本研究为对照准实验性调查（前后对照），对伊朗西北部霍伊和乌尔米耶水泥厂的170名工人进行了研究。从霍伊选取了85名符合条件的受试者（作为干预组），从乌尔米耶选取了85名类似样本（作为对照组）并进行招募。使用一份有效且可靠的四分问卷收集数据，包括社会人口学信息、认知、理论结构和行为。完成研究问卷和需求评估后，仅对干预组实施了特定的教育项目。比较两组在干预前后教育效果的差异。教育干预1个月后进行后测。
干预组和对照组工人的平均年龄分别为34.32±8.19岁和33.62±6.17岁。教育前，干预组的认知平均得分和安全帽使用行为平均得分分别为6.15±3.4和5.35±2.8，但教育后分别变为13.61±3.10和9.15±1.65，差异有统计学意义（<0.01）。此外，教育前，干预组的态度、主观规范、行为控制和行为意向的平均得分分别为27±5.17、37.74±6.92、29.56±6.17和17.65±4.90。教育后，这些得分分别变为37.26±4.76、48.34±5.64、42±8.07和24.79±5.33，变化有统计学意义（<0.01），而干预后对照组在认知、行为和理论结构方面未观察到统计学显著差异。
基于计划行为理论的教育方法对工人佩戴安全帽行为有显著影响。建议并强调应用该理论来改善工人的个人防护行为。
