Daley Ellen M, Vamos Cheryl A, Thompson Erika L, Zimet Gregory D, Rosberger Zeev, Merrell Laura, Kline Nolan S
Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Papillomavirus Res. 2017 Jun;3:142-148. doi: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause a number of anogenital cancers (i.e., cervical, penile, anal, vaginal, vulvar) and genital warts. A decade ago, the HPV vaccine was approved, and has been shown to be a public health achievement that can reduce the morbidity and mortality for HPV-associated diseases. Yet, the mistaken over-identification of HPV as a female-specific disease has resulted in the feminization of HPV and HPV vaccines. In this critical review, we trace the evolution of the intersection of science, politics, economics and gender norms during the original HPV vaccine approval, marketing era, and implementation. Given the focus on cervical cancer screening, women were identified as bearing the burden of HPV infection and its related illnesses, and the group responsible for prevention. We also describe the consequences of the feminization of HPV, which has resulted primarily in reduced protection from HPV-related illnesses for males. We propose a multilevel approach to normalizing HPV vaccines as an important aspect of overall health for both genders. This process must engage multiple stakeholders, including providers, parents, patients, professional organizations, public health agencies, policymakers, researchers, and community-based organizations.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）可引发多种肛门生殖器癌症（即宫颈癌、阴茎癌、肛门癌、阴道癌、外阴癌）以及尖锐湿疣。十年前，HPV疫苗获批，已被证明是一项能降低HPV相关疾病发病率和死亡率的公共卫生成就。然而，将HPV错误地过度认定为女性特有疾病，导致了HPV及HPV疫苗的女性化。在这篇批判性综述中，我们追溯了HPV疫苗最初获批、营销时代及实施过程中科学、政治、经济和性别规范交叉领域的演变。鉴于对宫颈癌筛查的关注，女性被视为承担HPV感染及其相关疾病负担的群体，也是负责预防的群体。我们还描述了HPV女性化的后果，这主要导致男性免受HPV相关疾病侵害的保护降低。我们提出一种多层次方法，将HPV疫苗常态化，作为男女整体健康的一个重要方面。这一过程必须让包括医疗服务提供者、家长、患者、专业组织、公共卫生机构、政策制定者、研究人员和社区组织在内的多个利益相关者参与进来。
