Caputi Nick, Kangas Mervi, Denham Ainslie, Feng Ming, Pearce Alan, Hetzel Yasha, Chandrapavan Arani
Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 North Beach Western Australia 6920 Australia.
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Private Bag No. 5 Wembley Western Australia 6913 Australia.
Ecol Evol. 2016 Apr 24;6(11):3583-3593. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2137. eCollection 2016 Jun.
An extreme marine heat wave which affected 2000 km of the midwest coast of Australia occurred in the 2010/11 austral summer, with sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies of 2-5°C above normal climatology. The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme event at a global warming hot spot in the Indian Ocean. This event had a significant effect on the marine ecosystem with changes to seagrass/algae and coral habitats, as well as fish kills and southern extension of the range of some tropical species. The effect has been exacerbated by above-average SST in the following two summers, 2011/12 and 2012/13. This study examined the major impact the event had on invertebrate fisheries and the management adaption applied. A 99% mortality of Roei abalone () and major reductions in recruitment of scallops (), king () and tiger () prawns, and blue swimmer crabs were detected with management adapting with effort reductions or spatial/temporal closures to protect the spawning stock and restocking being evaluated. This study illustrates that fisheries management under extreme temperature events requires an early identification of temperature hot spots, early detection of abundance changes (preferably using pre-recruit surveys), and flexible harvest strategies which allow a quick response to minimize the effect of heavy fishing on poor recruitment to enable protection of the spawning stock. This has required researchers, managers, and industry to adapt to fish stocks affected by an extreme environmental event that may become more frequent due to climate change.
2010/11年澳大利亚夏季，一场极端海洋热浪侵袭了澳大利亚中西部海岸2000公里的区域，海表温度（SST）异常比正常气候高出2 - 5°C。在印度洋全球变暖热点地区发生的一次极端事件期间，这场热浪受到强劲的李尤温海流影响。该事件对海洋生态系统产生了重大影响，海草/藻类和珊瑚栖息地发生变化，出现鱼类死亡，一些热带物种的分布范围向南扩展。在接下来的两个夏季，即2011/12年和2012/13年，高于平均水平的海表温度加剧了这种影响。本研究调查了该事件对无脊椎动物渔业的主要影响以及所采取的管理适应措施。检测到罗氏鲍（Roei abalone）死亡率达99%，扇贝（scallops）、帝王（king）和老虎（tiger）对虾以及蓝蟹的补充量大幅减少，管理措施包括减少捕捞力度或实施空间/时间封闭以保护产卵种群，同时对增殖放流进行评估。本研究表明，在极端温度事件下的渔业管理需要尽早识别温度热点，尽早检测丰度变化（最好使用幼鱼前调查），以及灵活的捕捞策略，以便能够快速做出反应，将过度捕捞对补充量不佳的影响降至最低，从而保护产卵种群。这要求研究人员、管理人员和行业适应受极端环境事件影响的鱼类种群，由于气候变化，这种极端环境事件可能会变得更加频繁。
