Mu Jingli, Chernick Melissa, Dong Wu, Di Giulio Richard T, Hinton David E
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Aquat Toxicol. 2017 Sep;190:162-173. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.026. Epub 2017 Jun 27.
Acute effects of individual and complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well documented in vertebrate species. Hypoxia in fish reduces metabolic rate and reproduction. However, less is known about the later life consequences stemming from early-life exposure to PAHs or hypoxia, particularly their co-exposure. To address this, medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to a complex PAH mixture sediment extract from the Elizabeth River, VA (ERSE) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0% or to one of three different hypoxia scenarios: continuous, nocturnal, or late stage embryogenesis hypoxia. Co-exposures with 0.1% ERSE and each of the hypoxia scenarios were conducted. Results included decreased survival with ERSE, hatching delays with hypoxia, and higher occurrences of deformities with each. The continuous hypoxia scenario caused the most significant changes in all endpoints. These early-life exposures altered later-life growth, impaired reproductive capacity, and reduced the quality of their offspring. ERSE alone resulted in a female-biased sex ratio while continuous or nocturnal hypoxia produced significantly greater numbers of males; and co-exposure produced an equal sex ratio. Exposure to a PAH mixture and hypoxia during early life stages has meaningful later-life and next generational consequences.
多环芳烃（PAHs）的单一及复杂混合物对脊椎动物的急性影响已有充分记录。鱼类缺氧会降低代谢率并影响繁殖。然而，对于早期接触PAHs或缺氧，尤其是两者共同接触所产生的后期生活影响，我们了解得较少。为了解决这个问题，将青鳉（Oryzias latipes）胚胎暴露于弗吉尼亚州伊丽莎白河的复杂PAH混合物沉积物提取物（ERSE）中，浓度分别为0.1%、0.5%或1.0%，或者暴露于三种不同的缺氧情况之一：持续缺氧、夜间缺氧或胚胎发育后期缺氧。同时进行了0.1% ERSE与每种缺氧情况的共同暴露实验。结果包括ERSE导致存活率降低，缺氧导致孵化延迟，并且每种情况都会使畸形发生率更高。持续缺氧情况在所有终点指标上引起的变化最为显著。这些早期生活暴露改变了后期生活的生长、损害了生殖能力，并降低了后代的质量。单独的ERSE导致了雌性偏向的性别比例，而持续或夜间缺氧则产生了显著更多的雄性；共同暴露则产生了相等的性别比例。在生命早期阶段接触PAH混合物和缺氧会对后期生活及下一代产生有意义的影响。
