Randall W C, Milosavljevic M, Wurster R D, Geis G S, Ardell J L
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1986 May-Jun;16(3):198-208.
Parasympathetic ganglia are imbedded (1) in the epicardial fat pad located on the posterior surface of the dog's heart and (2) immediately overlying the point of penetration by the coronary sinus into the interatrial septum. The fat pad is situated between the inferior vena cava and the inferior left atrium. It contains multiple encapsulated ganglia, each consisting of two to 80 separate cells, richly intermingled with neural elements. Destruction of these ganglia by surgical excision and/or phenol painting interrupts both right and left vagal inhibition of atrio-ventricular (A-V) conduction, without obviously altering vagal modulation of sinoatrial function. Excision or phenol destruction of the fat pad overlying the right pulmonary vein inlets to the left atrium interrupts both right and left vagal inhibition of sinoatrial function, again without interfering with vagal control of atrioventricular nodal function. Well organized, encapsulated autonomic ganglia are also found throughout this fat pad. These experiments thus identify and localize separate concentrations of ganglion cells which differentially modulate automaticity and A-V conduction in the canine heart.
副交感神经节包埋于（1）位于犬心后表面的心外膜脂肪垫内，以及（2）紧邻冠状窦穿入房间隔的部位上方。脂肪垫位于下腔静脉与左下心房之间。它包含多个被膜包裹的神经节，每个神经节由2至80个独立细胞组成，与神经成分紧密交织。通过手术切除和/或苯酚涂抹破坏这些神经节会中断迷走神经对房室（A-V）传导的左右抑制，而不会明显改变迷走神经对窦房结功能的调节。切除或苯酚破坏覆盖左心房右肺静脉入口处的脂肪垫会中断迷走神经对窦房结功能的左右抑制，同样不会干扰迷走神经对房室结功能的控制。在整个这个脂肪垫中还发现了组织良好、被膜包裹的自主神经节。因此，这些实验确定并定位了不同调节犬心自律性和房室传导的神经节细胞的不同集中区域。
