Hale Alexander J, Ter Steege Eline, den Hertog Jeroen
Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Dev Biol. 2017 Aug 15;428(2):283-292. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.023.
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues, and thereby propagate or inhibit signal transduction, and hence influence cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The importance of tightly controlled PTP activity is reflected by the numerous mechanisms employed by the cell to control PTP activity, including a variety of post-translational modifications, and restricted subcellular localization. This review highlights the strides made in the last decade and discusses the important role of PTPs in key aspects of embryonic development: the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, gastrulation and somitogenesis during early embryonic development, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. The tentative importance of PTPs in these processes is highlighted by the diseases that present upon aberrant activity.
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPs）从酪氨酸残基上去除磷酸基团，从而促进或抑制信号转导，进而影响细胞增殖和分化等细胞过程。细胞采用多种机制来控制PTP活性，包括各种翻译后修饰和受限的亚细胞定位，这反映了严格控制PTP活性的重要性。本综述重点介绍了过去十年所取得的进展，并讨论了PTPs在胚胎发育关键方面的重要作用：干细胞自我更新和分化的调控、早期胚胎发育过程中的原肠胚形成和体节发生、骨生成和血管生成。PTPs在这些过程中的重要性通过异常活性时出现的疾病得以凸显。
