Thomas Tania A
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, PO Box 801340, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1340, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Aug;64(4):893-909. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.03.010.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single bacterial pathogen. The World Health Organization estimates that annually 1 million children have tuberculosis (TB) disease and many more harbor a latent form. Accurate estimates are hindered by under-recognition and challenges in diagnosis. To date, an accurate diagnostic test to confirm TB in children does not exist. Treatment is lengthy but outcomes are generally favorable with timely initiation. With the End TB Strategy, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostics and treatment to prevent the unnecessary morbidity and mortality from TB in children.
结核分枝杆菌是全球单一细菌病原体导致死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织估计，每年有100万儿童患有结核病，还有更多儿童携带潜伏性结核。诊断不足和诊断方面的挑战阻碍了准确的估计。迄今为止，尚无用于确诊儿童结核病的准确诊断测试。治疗时间很长，但及时开始治疗的话，总体结果通常较好。根据终结结核病战略，迫切需要改进诊断和治疗方法，以预防儿童结核病造成的不必要发病和死亡。
