ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia.
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2017 Sep;32(9):695-713. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.06.014. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
Ecosystems influence human societies, leading people to manage ecosystems for human benefit. Poor environmental management can lead to reduced ecological resilience and social-ecological collapse. We review research on resilience and collapse across different systems and propose a unifying social-ecological framework based on (i) a clear definition of system identity; (ii) the use of quantitative thresholds to define collapse; (iii) relating collapse processes to system structure; and (iv) explicit comparison of alternative hypotheses and models of collapse. Analysis of 17 representative cases identified 14 mechanisms, in five classes, that explain social-ecological collapse. System structure influences the kind of collapse a system may experience. Mechanistic theories of collapse that unite structure and process can make fundamental contributions to solving global environmental problems.
生态系统影响人类社会，促使人们为了人类利益管理生态系统。不良的环境管理会导致生态弹性降低和社会-生态系统崩溃。我们综述了不同系统中关于弹性和崩溃的研究，并提出了一个统一的社会-生态框架，该框架基于：(i) 明确界定系统身份；(ii) 使用定量阈值来定义崩溃；(iii) 将崩溃过程与系统结构联系起来；以及 (iv) 对崩溃的替代假设和模型进行明确比较。对 17 个有代表性案例的分析确定了 14 种机制，它们属于五个类别，解释了社会-生态系统的崩溃。系统结构会影响系统可能经历的崩溃类型。将结构和过程统一起来的崩溃机制理论，可以为解决全球环境问题做出重要贡献。
