Luben Thomas J, Nichols Jennifer L, Dutton Steven J, Kirrane Ellen, Owens Elizabeth O, Datko-Williams Laura, Madden Meagan, Sacks Jason D
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Environ Int. 2017 Oct;107:154-162. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.005. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
Black carbon (BC) is a ubiquitous component of particulate matter (PM) emitted from combustion-related sources and is associated with a number of health outcomes.
We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the potential for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following exposure to ambient BC, or the related component elemental carbon (EC), in the context of what is already known about the associations between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular health outcomes.
We conducted a stepwise systematic literature search of the PubMed database and employed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting our results.
Studies meeting inclusion criteria (i.e., include a quantitative measurement of BC or EC used to characterize exposure and an effect estimate of the association of the exposure metric with ED visits, hospital admissions, or mortality due to cardiovascular disease) were evaluated for risk of bias in study design and results.
Risk of bias evaluations assess some aspects of internal validity of study findings based on study design, conduct, and reporting and identify potential issues related to confounding or other biases.
The results of our systematic review demonstrate similar results for BC or EC and PM; that is, a generally modest, positive association of each pollutant measurement with cardiovascular emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and mortality. There is no clear evidence that health risks are greater for either BC or EC when compared to one another, or when either is compared to PM.
We were unable to adequately evaluate the role of copollutant confounding or differential spatial heterogeneity for BC or EC compared to PM.
Overall, the evidence at present indicates that BC or EC is consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but is not sufficient to conclude that BC or EC is independently associated with these effects rather than being an indicator for PM mass.
Not available.
黑碳（BC）是燃烧相关源排放的颗粒物（PM）中普遍存在的成分，与多种健康后果相关。
我们进行了一项系统评价，以评估在已知细颗粒物（PM）暴露与心血管健康结局之间关联的背景下，暴露于环境黑碳或相关成分元素碳（EC）后发生心血管疾病发病和死亡的可能性。
我们对PubMed数据库进行了逐步系统的文献检索，并采用系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南来报告我们的结果。
对符合纳入标准的研究（即包括用于表征暴露的BC或EC的定量测量以及暴露指标与急诊就诊、住院或心血管疾病死亡率之间关联的效应估计）进行研究设计和结果偏倚风险评估。
偏倚风险评估基于研究设计、实施和报告来评估研究结果内部有效性的某些方面，并识别与混杂或其他偏倚相关的潜在问题。
我们系统评价的结果表明，BC或EC与PM的结果相似；也就是说，每种污染物测量与心血管急诊科就诊、住院和死亡率之间通常存在适度的正相关。没有明确证据表明，与彼此相比，或者与PM相比，BC或EC的健康风险更高。
与PM相比，我们无法充分评估共污染物混杂或BC或EC的空间异质性差异的作用。
总体而言，目前的证据表明，BC或EC与心血管疾病发病和死亡始终相关，但不足以得出BC或EC与这些效应独立相关而非PM质量指标的结论。
无。
