Kieć-Świerczyńska Marta, Świerczyńska-Machura Dominika, Chomiczewska-Skóra Dorota, Kręcisz Beata, Walusiak-Skorupa Jolanta
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health).
Medical University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland (Department of Health Sciences).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2017 Oct 6;30(6):887-896. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00961. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
Manicurists are exposed to various chemicals in nail and skin care products and may develop ocular, nasal, respiratory or skin adverse reactions to them. To investigate the occurrence of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin problems among manicurists and to identify their causal factors, particularly allergic etiology and occupational origin.
Manicurists employed in beauty salons in the central region of Poland were invited to fill in the questionnaire and undergo medical examination, skin prick tests with common aeroallergens, patch tests with European Baseline Series and (Meth)Acrylates Series-Nails and spirometry.
In the questionnaire adverse nasal symptoms were reported by 70%, ocular - by 58%, respiratory - by 42%, hand eczema - by 43% of manicurists. In the medical interview, the frequency of those complaints was lower: nasal ones - 41%, ocular - 24%, cough - 18%, hand skin dryness - 20%, hand eczema - 6%. Cough and hand skin dryness occurred significantly more frequently than in the case of controls. Contact allergy was found for 41% of manicurists and 35% of controls. The prevalence of nickel sensitization was high in both groups (38% and 27%, respectively). Only 3 manicurists reacted to (meth)acrylates. The frequency of atopic diseases was similar in compared groups. Irritant nasal and respiratory reactions were significantly more prevalent among manicurists (nasal - 18% vs. 2%, p < 0.01; respiratory - 18% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). Work-related nasal irritant reactions were finally diagnosed for 19%, ocular ones - for 13%, respiratory - for 18% and within hand skin - for 23% of manicurists.
The frequency of workattributed irritant mucosal and skin symptoms among manicurists is high. Exposure to acrylates is an important source of mucosal irritant reactions while occlusive gloves cause irritation of hand skin. The prevalence of nickel allergy among Polish females is high. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):887-896.
美甲师会接触指甲和皮肤护理产品中的各种化学物质，可能会对这些物质产生眼部、鼻部、呼吸道或皮肤不良反应。调查美甲师中眼部、鼻部、呼吸道和皮肤问题的发生情况，并确定其致病因素，特别是过敏病因和职业起源。
邀请波兰中部地区美容院的美甲师填写问卷并接受医学检查、使用常见气传变应原进行皮肤点刺试验、使用欧洲基线系列和（甲基）丙烯酸酯系列 - 指甲进行斑贴试验以及肺活量测定。
在问卷中，70%的美甲师报告有鼻部不良症状，58%有眼部症状，42%有呼吸道症状，43%有手部湿疹。在医学访谈中，这些症状的出现频率较低：鼻部症状为41%，眼部症状为24%，咳嗽为18%，手部皮肤干燥为20%，手部湿疹为6%。咳嗽和手部皮肤干燥的发生频率明显高于对照组。41%的美甲师和35%的对照组发现有接触性过敏。两组中镍致敏的患病率都很高（分别为38%和27%）。只有3名美甲师对（甲基）丙烯酸酯有反应。比较组中特应性疾病的发生频率相似。美甲师中刺激性鼻部和呼吸道反应明显更为普遍（鼻部 - 18%对2%，p < 0.01；呼吸道 - 18%对1%，p < 0.001）。最终诊断出19%的美甲师有与工作相关的鼻部刺激性反应，13%有眼部反应，18%有呼吸道反应，23%有手部皮肤反应。
美甲师中与工作相关的刺激性黏膜和皮肤症状的发生频率较高。接触丙烯酸酯是黏膜刺激性反应的重要来源，而封闭性手套会导致手部皮肤刺激。波兰女性中镍过敏的患病率较高。《国际职业医学与环境卫生杂志》2017年；30(6):887 - 896。
