Meding B, Barregård L, Marcus K
Department of Occupational Dermatology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 1994 Mar;30(3):129-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00692.x.
To estimate the prevalence of hand eczema, a questionnaire was distributed to 901 male car mechanics. Of the 801 persons who responded, 15% reported hand eczema on some occasion in the previous 12 months, and 57% admitted dry skin on the hands. In a 2nd part of the study, those who reported hand eczema were examined and patch tested with a standard series and a special "car mechanics' series". The most common diagnosis was irritant contact dermatitis, 55%, and 2nd was allergic contact dermatitis, 19%. 35/105 (33%) had a total of 51 positive patch test reactions, all to substances in the standard series, except for 2 persons who reacted to oxidized d-limonene. The most frequent reactions were to thimerosal (9%), nickel (8%) and colophony (5%). One plausible explanation for the high prevalence of nickel allergy was the common use of nickel-plated tools. 5 individuals had a history of contact urticaria, but scratch tests were negative. It was concluded that car mechanics are at high risk for contact dermatitis on the hands, irritant as well as allergic.
为了评估手部湿疹的患病率，向901名男性汽车修理工发放了问卷。在801名回复者中，15%报告在过去12个月中的某些时候有手部湿疹，57%承认手部皮肤干燥。在研究的第二部分，对报告有手部湿疹的人进行了检查，并用标准系列和特殊的“汽车修理工系列”进行了斑贴试验。最常见的诊断是刺激性接触性皮炎，占55%，其次是过敏性接触性皮炎，占19%。105人中有35人（33%）共有51次阳性斑贴试验反应，除2人对氧化d-苎烯有反应外，所有反应均针对标准系列中的物质。最常见的反应是对硫柳汞（9%）、镍（8%）和松香（5%）。镍过敏患病率高的一个合理原因是镀镍工具的普遍使用。5人有接触性荨麻疹病史，但划痕试验为阴性。研究得出结论，汽车修理工手部发生刺激性和过敏性接触性皮炎的风险很高。
