O'Shea Timothy M, Burda Joshua E, Sofroniew Michael V
J Clin Invest. 2017 Sep 1;127(9):3259-3270. doi: 10.1172/JCI90608. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions present diverse challenges for repair strategies. Anatomically complete injuries require restoration of neural connectivity across lesions. Anatomically incomplete injuries may benefit from augmentation of spontaneous circuit reorganization. Here, we review SCI cell biology, which varies considerably across three different lesion-related tissue compartments: (a) non-neural lesion core, (b) astrocyte scar border, and (c) surrounding spared but reactive neural tissue. After SCI, axon growth and circuit reorganization are determined by neuron-cell-autonomous mechanisms and by interactions among neurons, glia, and immune and other cells. These interactions are shaped by both the presence and the absence of growth-modulating molecules, which vary markedly in different lesion compartments. The emerging understanding of how SCI cell biology differs across lesion compartments is fundamental to developing rationally targeted repair strategies.
脊髓损伤（SCI）病变对修复策略提出了各种挑战。解剖学上完全性损伤需要恢复跨越病变部位的神经连接。解剖学上不完全性损伤可能受益于自发神经回路重组的增强。在此，我们综述脊髓损伤细胞生物学，其在三个不同的与病变相关的组织区域中差异很大：（a）非神经病变核心，（b）星形胶质瘢痕边界，以及（c）周围未受损但有反应的神经组织。脊髓损伤后，轴突生长和神经回路重组由神经元细胞自主机制以及神经元、神经胶质细胞、免疫细胞和其他细胞之间的相互作用决定。这些相互作用受到生长调节分子存在与否的影响，而生长调节分子在不同病变区域中差异显著。对于脊髓损伤细胞生物学在不同病变区域如何不同的新认识是制定合理靶向修复策略的基础。
