Xie Weizhen, Zhang Weiwei
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2017 Nov;45(8):1423-1437. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0739-7.
The present study dissociated the number (i.e., quantity) and precision (i.e., quality) of visual short-term memory (STM) representations in change detection using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and experimental manipulations. Across three experiments, participants performed both recognition and recall tests of visual STM using the change-detection task and the continuous color-wheel recall task, respectively. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the estimates of the number and precision of visual STM representations based on the ROC model of change-detection performance were robustly correlated with the corresponding estimates based on the mixture model of continuous-recall performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the experimental manipulation of mnemonic precision using white-noise masking and the experimental manipulation of the number of encoded STM representations using consolidation masking produced selective effects on the corresponding measures of mnemonic precision and the number of encoded STM representations, respectively, in both change-detection and continuous-recall tasks. Altogether, using the individual-differences (Experiment 1) and experimental dissociation (Experiment 2 and 3) approaches, the present study demonstrated the some-or-none nature of visual STM representations across recall and recognition.
本研究在变化检测中，使用接受者操作特征（ROC）和实验操作，区分了视觉短期记忆（STM）表征的数量（即量）和精度（即质）。在三个实验中，参与者分别使用变化检测任务和连续色轮回忆任务，对视觉STM进行了识别和回忆测试。实验1表明，基于变化检测性能的ROC模型对视觉STM表征数量和精度的估计，与基于连续回忆性能的混合模型的相应估计密切相关。实验2和3表明，在变化检测和连续回忆任务中，使用白噪声掩蔽对记忆精度进行实验操作，以及使用巩固掩蔽对编码的STM表征数量进行实验操作，分别对记忆精度的相应测量指标和编码的STM表征数量产生了选择性影响。总之，本研究使用个体差异（实验1）和实验分离（实验2和3）方法，证明了视觉STM表现在回忆和识别过程中的全或无性质。
