Lee Jenna R, Muckerman Julie E, Wright Anna M, Davis Daniel J, Childs Tom E, Gillespie Catherine E, Vieira-Potter Victoria J, Booth Frank W, Ericsson Aaron C, Will Matthew J
Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Behav Brain Res. 2017 Sep 15;334:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Jul 23.
Previous studies suggest an interaction between the level of physical activity and diet preference. However, this relationship has not been well characterized for sex differences that may exist. The present study examined the influence of sex on diet preference in male and female Wistar rats that were housed under either sedentary (no wheel access) (SED) or voluntary wheel running access (RUN) conditions. Following a 1 week acclimation period to these conditions, standard chow was replaced with concurrent ad libitum access to a choice of 3 pelleted diets (high-fat, high-sucrose, and high-corn starch) in the home cage. SED and RUN conditions remained throughout the next 4 week diet preference assessment period. Body weight, running distance, and intake of each diet were measured daily. At the conclusion of the 4 week diet preference test, animals were sacrificed and brains were collected for mRNA analysis. Fecal samples were also collected before and after the 4 week diet preference phase to characterize microbiota composition. Results indicate sex dependent interactions between physical activity and both behavioral and physiological measures. Females in both RUN and SED conditions preferred the high-fat diet, consuming significantly more high-fat diet than either of the other two diets. While male SED rats also preferred the high-fat diet, male RUN rats consumed significantly less high-fat diet than the other groups, instead preferring all three diets equally. There was also a sex dependent influence of physical activity on both reward related opioid mRNA expression in the ventral striatum and the characterization of gut microbiota. The significant sex differences in response to physical activity observed through both behavioral and physiological measures suggest potential motivational or metabolic difference between males and females. The findings highlight the necessity for further exploration between male and female response to physical activity and feeding behavior.
先前的研究表明，身体活动水平与饮食偏好之间存在相互作用。然而，这种关系在可能存在的性别差异方面尚未得到充分描述。本研究考察了性别对Wistar大鼠饮食偏好的影响，这些大鼠被饲养在久坐不动（无转轮）（SED）或自愿使用转轮（RUN）的条件下。在对这些条件进行1周的适应期后，将标准饲料换成在笼舍中同时随意提供的3种颗粒饲料（高脂肪、高蔗糖和高玉米淀粉）供其选择。在接下来的4周饮食偏好评估期内，SED和RUN条件保持不变。每天测量体重、跑步距离和每种饲料的摄入量。在为期4周的饮食偏好测试结束时，处死动物并收集大脑用于mRNA分析。在4周饮食偏好阶段前后还收集粪便样本，以表征微生物群组成。结果表明，身体活动与行为和生理指标之间存在性别依赖性相互作用。RUN组和SED组的雌性都更喜欢高脂肪饲料，其高脂肪饲料的摄入量明显高于其他两种饲料。虽然雄性SED大鼠也更喜欢高脂肪饲料，但雄性RUN大鼠的高脂肪饲料摄入量明显低于其他组，反而对三种饲料的偏好程度相同。身体活动对腹侧纹状体中与奖励相关的阿片样物质mRNA表达和肠道微生物群特征也有性别依赖性影响。通过行为和生理指标观察到的对身体活动反应的显著性别差异表明，雄性和雌性之间可能存在动机或代谢差异。这些发现凸显了进一步探索雄性和雌性对身体活动和进食行为反应的必要性。
