Jašarević Eldin, Morrison Kathleen E, Bale Tracy L
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Feb 19;371(1688):20150122. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0122. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
In recent years, the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain has emerged as a factor that influences immunity, metabolism, neurodevelopment and behaviour. Cross-talk between the gut and brain begins early in life immediately following the transition from a sterile in utero environment to one that is exposed to a changing and complex microbial milieu over a lifetime. Once established, communication between the gut and brain integrates information from the autonomic and enteric nervous systems, neuroendocrine and neuroimmune signals, and peripheral immune and metabolic signals. Importantly, the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiome undergoes many transitions that parallel dynamic periods of brain development and maturation for which distinct sex differences have been identified. Here, we discuss the sexually dimorphic development, maturation and maintenance of the gut microbiome-brain axis, and the sex differences therein important in disease risk and resilience throughout the lifespan.
近年来，肠道微生物群与大脑之间的双向交流已成为影响免疫、代谢、神经发育和行为的一个因素。肠道与大脑之间的相互作用在生命早期就开始了，即在从子宫内无菌环境过渡到一生中暴露于不断变化且复杂的微生物环境之后。一旦建立，肠道与大脑之间的交流就会整合来自自主神经系统和肠神经系统、神经内分泌和神经免疫信号以及外周免疫和代谢信号的信息。重要的是，肠道微生物群的组成和功能潜力会经历许多转变，这些转变与大脑发育和成熟的动态时期平行，而在这些时期已发现了明显的性别差异。在这里，我们讨论肠道微生物群-脑轴的性别差异发育、成熟和维持，以及其中在整个生命周期的疾病风险和恢复力中起重要作用的性别差异。
