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有效的烟草控制措施:医学生之间的共识

Effective tobacco control measures: agreement among medical students.

作者信息

Martins Stella Regina, Paceli Renato Batista, Bussacos Marco Antônio, Fernandes Frederico Leon Arrabal, Prado Gustavo Faibischew, Lombardi Elisa Maria Siqueira, Terra-Filho Mário, Santos Ubiratan Paula

机构信息

. Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.

. Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho - FUNDACENTRO - São Paulo (SP) Brasil.

出版信息

J Bras Pneumol. 2017 May-Jun;43(3):202-207. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562015000000316.

DOI:10.1590/S1806-37562015000000316
PMID:28746531
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5687951/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

: To determine the level of agreement with effective tobacco control measures recommended by the World Health Organization and to assess the attitudes toward, knowledge of, and beliefs regarding smoking among third-year medical students at University of São Paulo School of Medicine, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

METHODS

: Between 2008 and 2012, all third-year medical students were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire based on the Global Health Professionals Student Survey and its additional modules.

RESULTS

: The study sample comprised 556 students. The level of agreement with the World Health Organization recommendations was high, except for the components "received smoking cessation training" and "raising taxes is effective to reduce the prevalence of smoking". Most of the students reported that they agree with banning tobacco product sales to minors (95%), believe that physicians are role models to their patients (84%), and believe that they should advise their patients to quit cigarette smoking (96%) and using other tobacco products (94%). Regarding smoking cessation methods, most of the students were found to know more about nicotine replacement therapy than about non-nicotine therapies (93% vs. 53%). Only 37% of the respondents were aware of the importance of educational antismoking materials, and only 31% reported that they believe in the effectiveness of encouraging their patients, during medical visits. In our sample, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 5.23%; however, 43.82% of the respondents reported having experimented with water-pipe tobacco smoking.

CONCLUSIONS

: Our results revealed the need to emphasize to third-year medical students the importance of raising the prices of and taxes on tobacco products. We also need to make students aware of the dangers of experimenting with tobacco products other than cigarettes, particularly water-pipe tobacco smoking.

OBJETIVO

: Determinar o grau de concordância com medidas eficazes de controle do tabaco recomendadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e avaliar as atitudes, o conhecimento e as crenças a respeito do tabagismo em alunos do terceiro ano de medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, em São Paulo (SP).

MÉTODOS:: Entre 2008 e 2012, todos os alunos do terceiro ano de medicina foram convidados a preencher um questionário autoaplicável baseado na Global Health Professions Student Survey e em seus módulos adicionais.

RESULTADOS

: A amostra consistiu em 556 estudantes. O grau de concordância com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde foi alto, à exceção de "receberam treinamento a respeito de cessação do tabagismo" e "aumentar os impostos é uma medida eficaz para reduzir a prevalência do tabagismo". A maioria dos estudantes relatou que concorda com a proibição da venda de produtos do tabaco a menores de idade (95%), acredita que os médicos são modelos de comportamento para seus pacientes (84%) e acredita que deveriam aconselhar seus pacientes a parar de fumar cigarros (96%) e de usar outros produtos do tabaco (94%). No tocante aos métodos de cessação do tabagismo, observamos que a maioria dos estudantes sabe mais sobre terapia de reposição da nicotina do que sobre terapias não nicotínicas (93% vs. 53%). Apenas 37% dos participantes estavam cientes da importância de material educacional antitabagismo, e apenas 31% relataram que acreditam na eficácia de incentivar seus pacientes, durante as consultas médicas, a parar de fumar. Em nossa amostra, a prevalência de tabagismo atual foi de 5,23%; entretanto, 43,82% dos participantes relataram ter experimentado fumar tabaco com um narguilé.

CONCLUSÕES:: Nossos resultados revelaram a necessidade de deixar claro para os alunos do terceiro ano de medicina o quão importante é aumentar os preços e impostos dos produtos do tabaco. É também preciso conscientizar os alunos dos perigos de experimentar outros produtos do tabaco que não os cigarros, particularmente o narguilé.

摘要

目的:确定与世界卫生组织推荐的有效烟草控制措施的一致程度,并评估巴西圣保罗市圣保罗大学医学院三年级医学生对吸烟的态度、知识和信念。

方法:2008年至2012年期间,邀请所有三年级医学生根据全球卫生专业学生调查及其附加模块完成一份自填式问卷。

结果:研究样本包括556名学生。除了“接受过戒烟培训”和“提高税收对降低吸烟率有效”这两个部分外,与世界卫生组织建议的一致程度较高。大多数学生报告说,他们同意禁止向未成年人销售烟草制品(95%),认为医生是患者的行为榜样(84%),并认为他们应该建议患者戒烟(96%)以及使用其他烟草制品(94%)。关于戒烟方法,发现大多数学生对尼古丁替代疗法的了解多于非尼古丁疗法(93%对53%)。只有37%的受访者意识到教育性反吸烟材料的重要性,只有31%的人报告说他们相信在医疗就诊期间鼓励患者戒烟的有效性。在我们的样本中,当前吸烟率为5.23%;然而,43.82%的受访者报告曾尝试过水烟吸烟。

结论:我们的结果表明,需要向三年级医学生强调提高烟草制品价格和税收的重要性。我们还需要让学生意识到尝试香烟以外的烟草制品的危险,特别是水烟吸烟。

目的:确定与世界卫生组织推荐的有效烟草控制措施的一致程度,并评估圣保罗(SP)圣保罗大学医学院三年级医学生对吸烟的态度、知识和信念。

方法:2008年至2012年期间,邀请所有三年级医学生根据全球卫生专业学生调查及其附加模块完成一份自填式问卷。

结果:样本包括556名学生。与世界卫生组织建议的一致程度较高,除了“接受过戒烟培训”和“提高税收是降低吸烟率的有效措施”。大多数学生报告说,他们同意禁止向未成年人销售烟草制品(95%),认为医生是患者的行为榜样(84%),并认为他们应该建议患者停止吸烟(96%)和使用其他烟草制品(94%)。关于戒烟方法,我们观察到大多数学生对尼古丁替代疗法的了解多于非尼古丁疗法(93%对53%)。只有37%的参与者意识到教育性反吸烟材料的重要性,只有31%的人报告说他们相信在医疗咨询期间鼓励患者戒烟的有效性。在我们的样本中,当前吸烟率为5.23%;然而,43.82%的参与者报告曾尝试过水烟吸烟。

结论:我们的结果揭示了有必要向三年级医学生阐明提高烟草制品价格和税收的重要性。还需要让学生意识到尝试香烟以外的其他烟草制品的危险,特别是水烟。

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