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汗液测试与囊性纤维化:巴西圣保罗州公立和私立中心的测试性能概述

Sweat test and cystic fibrosis: overview of test performance at public and private centers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

作者信息

Servidoni Maria Fátima, Gomez Carla Cristina Souza, Marson Fernando Augusto Lima, Toro Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera, Ribeiro Maria Ângela Gonçalves de Oliveira, Ribeiro José Dirceu, Ribeiro Antônio Fernando

机构信息

. Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp - Campinas (SP) Brasil.

. Gastrocentro - Unidade de Endoscopia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp - Campinas (SP) Brasil.

出版信息

J Bras Pneumol. 2017 Mar-Apr;43(2):121-128. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562016000000076.

DOI:10.1590/S1806-37562016000000076
PMID:28538779
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5474375/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

: The sweat test (ST) measures chloride levels in sweat and is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the reliability of a ST depends on their being performed by experienced technicians and in accordance with strict guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate how sweat stimulation, sweat collection, and chloride measurement are performed at 14 centers (9 public centers and 5 private centers) that routinely perform STs in the state of São Paulo, which has the highest frequency of CF in Brazil.

METHODS

: This was a cross-sectional cohort study, using a standardized questionnaire administered in loco to the staff responsible for conducting STs.

RESULTS

: No uniformity regarding the procedures was found among the centers. Most centers were noncompliant with the international guidelines, especially regarding the collection of sweat (the samples were insufficient in 10-50% of the subjects tested); availability of stimulation equipment (which was limited at 2 centers); modernity and certification of stimulation equipment (most of the equipment having been used for 3-23 years); and written protocols (which were lacking at 12 centers). Knowledge of ST guidelines was evaluated at only 1 center.

CONCLUSIONS

: Our results show that STs largely deviate from internationally accepted guidelines at the participating centers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standardization of STs, training of qualified personnel, and acquisition/certification of suitable equipment. These are essential conditions for a reliable diagnosis of CF, especially with the increasing demand due to newborn screening nationwide, and for the assessment of a possible clinical benefit from the use of modulator drugs.

OBJETIVO

: O teste do suor (TS) mede os níveis de cloro no suor e é considerado o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico da fibrose cística (FC). Contudo, a confiabilidade do TS depende de sua realização por técnicos experientes e segundo diretrizes rígidas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar como são realizadas a estimulação e coleta do suor e a dosagem de cloro em 14 centros (9 públicos e 5 privados) que realizam TS rotineiramente no estado de São Paulo, que possui a maior frequência de FC do Brasil.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo de coorte transversal utilizando um questionário padronizado aplicado in loco ao pessoal responsável pela realização dos TS.

RESULTADOS

: Não houve uniformidade entre os centros quanto aos procedimentos. A maioria dos centros não era aderente às diretrizes internacionais, especialmente quanto à coleta do suor (amostras insuficientes em 10-50% dos indivíduos testados), disponibilidade de equipamentos de estimulação (limitada em 2 centros), modernidade e certificação dos mesmos (a maioria utilizada há 3-23 anos) e protocolos escritos (ausentes em 12 centros). Avaliou-se o conhecimento sobre diretrizes para TS em apenas 1 centro.

CONCLUSÕES:: Nossos resultados mostram que, nos centros participantes, os TS estão muito distantes das diretrizes internacionalmente aceitas. Portanto, há necessidade urgente de padronização dos TS, de treinamento de pessoal qualificado e de aquisição/certificação de equipamentos adequados. Essas são condições essenciais para um diagnóstico confiável de FC, especialmente com a crescente demanda resultante da triagem neonatal em todo o país, e para a avaliação do possível benefício clínico do uso de moduladores.

摘要

目的

汗液测试(ST)用于测量汗液中的氯化物水平,被认为是诊断囊性纤维化(CF)的金标准。然而,汗液测试的可靠性取决于由经验丰富的技术人员按照严格的指南进行操作。我们的目的是评估在巴西圣保罗州14个中心(9个公立中心和5个私立中心)进行汗液刺激、汗液收集和氯化物测量的情况,圣保罗州是巴西CF发病率最高的地区,这些中心常规开展汗液测试。

方法

这是一项横断面队列研究,使用在当地向负责进行汗液测试的工作人员发放的标准化问卷。

结果

各中心之间在操作程序上未发现一致性。大多数中心不符合国际指南,特别是在汗液收集方面(10%-50%的受测对象样本不足)、刺激设备的可用性(2个中心受限)、刺激设备的先进性和认证情况(大多数设备已使用3至23年)以及书面方案(12个中心缺乏)。仅在1个中心评估了对汗液测试指南的了解情况。

结论

我们的结果表明,在参与研究的中心,汗液测试在很大程度上偏离了国际公认的指南。因此,迫切需要对汗液测试进行标准化,培训合格人员,并购置/认证合适的设备。这些是可靠诊断CF的必要条件,尤其是鉴于全国新生儿筛查需求的不断增加,以及评估使用调节剂药物可能带来的临床益处。

目的

汗液测试(TS)测量汗液中的氯水平,被认为是诊断囊性纤维化(FC)的金标准。然而,TS的可靠性取决于由经验丰富的技术人员按照严格的指南进行操作。我们的目的是评估在巴西圣保罗州14个中心(9个公立中心和5个私立中心)如何进行汗液刺激、汗液收集和氯测定,圣保罗州是巴西FC发病率最高的地区,这些中心常规进行TS。

方法

采用横断面队列研究,使用在当地向负责进行TS的人员发放的标准化问卷。

结果

各中心在程序上没有一致性。大多数中心不遵守国际指南,特别是在汗液收集方面(10%-50%的受试个体样本不足)、刺激设备的可用性(2个中心有限)、设备的先进性和认证(大多数已使用3至23年)以及书面方案(12个中心没有)。仅在1个中心评估了对TS指南的了解。

结论

我们的结果表明,在参与的中心,TS与国际公认的指南相差甚远。因此,迫切需要对TS进行标准化,培训合格人员,并购置/认证合适的设备。这些是可靠诊断FC的基本条件,特别是鉴于全国新生儿筛查需求的增加,以及评估使用调节剂可能带来的临床益处。

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