Liao Ying, Brandt Bernd W, Li Jiyao, Crielaard Wim, Van Loveren Cor, Deng Dong Mei
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
J Oral Microbiol. 2017 Jul 6;9(1):1344509. doi: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1344509. eCollection 2017.
For decades, fluoride has been used extensively as an anti-caries agent. It not only protects dental hard tissue, but also inhibits bacterial growth and metabolism. The antimicrobial action of fluoride is shown in three main aspects: the acidogenicity, acidurance, and adherence to the tooth surface. To counteract the toxic effect of fluoride, oral bacteria are able to develop resistance to fluoride through either phenotypic adaptation or genotypic changes. Strains that acquire fluoride resistance through the latter route show stable resistance and can usually resist much higher fluoride levels than the corresponding wild-type strain. This review summarizes the characteristics of fluoride-resistant strains and explores the mechanisms of fluoride resistance, in particular the recent discovery of the fluoride exporters. Since the fluoride resistance of the cariogenic bacterium has been studied most extensively, this review mainly discusses the findings related to this species.
几十年来，氟化物一直被广泛用作防龋剂。它不仅能保护牙齿硬组织，还能抑制细菌生长和代谢。氟化物的抗菌作用主要体现在三个方面：产酸性、耐酸性以及对牙齿表面的黏附性。为了抵消氟化物的毒性作用，口腔细菌能够通过表型适应或基因变化对氟化物产生抗性。通过后一种途径获得氟化物抗性的菌株表现出稳定的抗性，通常能够抵抗比相应野生型菌株高得多的氟化物水平。本综述总结了耐氟菌株的特征，并探讨了氟化物抗性的机制，特别是最近发现的氟化物转运蛋白。由于对致龋菌的氟化物抗性研究最为广泛，本综述主要讨论与该菌种相关的研究结果。
