Boschman J S, Noor A, Sluiter J K, Hagberg M
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department: Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 27;12(7):e0179657. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179657. eCollection 2017.
A lack of sufficient recovery during and after work may help to explain impaired health in the long run. We aimed to increase knowledge on the mediating role of recovery opportunities (RO) during and after work on future sickness absence from a gender- and age-sensitive perspective. We used data on RO from a Swedish national survey in 2011 and linked these to sickness absence (>14 days) two years later among the general working population (N = 7,649). Mediation of the relationship between gender and sickness absence by exposure to RO was studied through linear regression. We conducted separate analyses for RO during and after work and for three different age groups (16-29; 30-49; 50-64). The sample consisted of 3,563 men and 4,086 women. Sickness absence was higher among the women than among the men (11 days vs 5 days, p<0.001). Men reported statistically significantly more positive on their RO than women. RO during (ß 0.3-1.8) and after work (ß 0.4-0.6) mediated the relationship between gender and sickness absence. Mediation effects existed across age groups, with the strongest effects of RO during work found among the age group between 50 and 64 years of age (attenuation 36%). Our results indicate that gender inequality is also reflected in worse RO among women. This partially explains the increased risk of future sickness absence, particularly among those above 50 years of age. These findings show that RO during work deserve more attention in working life research.
工作期间及下班后缺乏足够的恢复可能从长远来看有助于解释健康受损的原因。我们旨在从性别和年龄敏感的角度增加对工作期间及下班后恢复机会（RO）对未来病假的中介作用的认识。我们使用了2011年瑞典全国调查中关于RO的数据，并将其与两年后普通工作人群（N = 7649）中超过14天的病假情况相关联。通过线性回归研究了暴露于RO对性别与病假之间关系的中介作用。我们分别对工作期间和下班后的RO以及三个不同年龄组（16 - 29岁；30 - 49岁；50 - 64岁）进行了分析。样本包括3563名男性和4086名女性。女性的病假天数高于男性（11天对5天，p<0.001）。男性报告的RO在统计学上显著比女性更积极。工作期间（ß 0.3 - 1.8）和下班后（ß 0.4 - 0.6）的RO中介了性别与病假之间的关系。中介效应在各年龄组中均存在，工作期间RO的最强效应在50至64岁年龄组中发现（减弱36%）。我们的结果表明，性别不平等也反映在女性较差的RO中。这部分解释了未来病假风险增加的原因，特别是在50岁以上人群中。这些发现表明，工作期间的RO在工作生活研究中值得更多关注。
