Functional Characterization of Promoter in Response to Abiotic Stresses by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic .

Drought, salinity, and cold are the major factors limiting wheat quality and productivity; it is thus highly desirable to characterize the abiotic-stress-inducible promoters suitable for the genetic improvement of plant resistance. The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 () family genes show distinct regulatory properties in response to abiotic stresses. The present study characterized the approximately 3000-bp upstream sequence (the 313 bp upstream of the ATG was the transcription start site) of the promoter under abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. Four different-length 5' deletion fragments of promoter were fused with the reporter gene and transformed into . Tissue expression analysis showed that the promoter region from position -1481 to -821 contained the stalk-specific elements, and the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the leaf- and root-specific elements. In the ABA-treated seedlings, the deletion analysis showed that the promoter region from position -821 to -2631 contained ABA response elements. The abiotic stress responses of the promoter derivatives demonstrated that they harbored abiotic-stress response elements: the region from position -821 to -408 harbored the osmotic-stress response elements, whereas the region from position -2631 to -1481 contained the positive regulatory motifs and the region from position -1481 to -821 contained the leaf- and stalk-specific enhancers. Further deletion analysis of the promoter region from position -821 to -408 indicated that a 125-bp region from position -693 to -568 was required to induce an osmotic-stress response. These results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of in response to abiotic stresses, and the promoter seems to be a candidate for regulating the expression of abiotic stress response genes in transgenic plants.