Guo Jing, Guan Liding, Fang Liming, Liu Chengcheng, Fu Mingqi, He Huan, Wang Xiaohua
School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
J Affect Disord. 2017 Dec 1;223:115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.032. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
Previous studies have suggested that socioeconomic status is linked to health status. However, most of these studies have been conducted in developed countries, whose social settings are different from those in China. Hukou (household registration) status, one of China's main socioeconomic indicators, has received limited attention in the literature.
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between different Hukou statuses, and depression, among older adults in China.
The data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). In total, 7409 Chinese older adults aged 60 and over were included in the survey. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The various Hukou statuses were coded into four categories: villager, temporary rural-to-urban migrant, permanent rural-to-urban migrant and urban local citizen.
The results indicated that the level of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among villagers (beta [ß] 1.40, 95%CI 0.83-1.96), temporary migrants (beta [ß] 0.97 95%CI 0.38-1.56) and permanent migrants (beta [ß] 0.52 95%CI 0.04-1.00) than among urban local citizens. In addition, people who had experienced changes in their Hukou status before age 16 were more likely to have depressive symptoms (beta [ß] 1.39, 95% CI 0.20-2.58).
Being cross-sectional, this study is insufficient for determining causal relationships between Hukou status and depression.
Our findings suggest that deeper reform of the Hukou system, and greater efforts to eliminate the health disparities associated with that system, are needed in China.
以往研究表明社会经济地位与健康状况相关。然而，这些研究大多在发达国家开展，其社会环境与中国不同。户籍状况作为中国主要的社会经济指标之一，在文献中受到的关注有限。
本研究旨在探讨中国老年人不同户籍状况与抑郁之间的关系。
数据来源于中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）。该调查共纳入7409名60岁及以上的中国老年人。采用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CESD - 10）评估抑郁症状。不同户籍状况被编码为四类：村民、临时农村到城市移民、永久农村到城市移民和城市本地居民。
结果表明，村民（β值1.40，95%置信区间0.83 - 1.96）、临时移民（β值0.97，95%置信区间0.38 - 1.56）和永久移民（β值0.52，95%置信区间0.04 - 1.00）的抑郁症状水平显著高于城市本地居民。此外，如果一个人在16岁之前经历过户籍状况的变化，那么其更有可能出现抑郁症状（β值1.39，95%置信区间0.20 - 2.58）。
本研究为横断面研究，不足以确定户籍状况与抑郁之间的因果关系。
我们的研究结果表明，中国需要对户籍制度进行更深入的改革，并加大力度消除与该制度相关的健康差距。
