Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Centre for Global Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 4;16(19):3744. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193744.
The hukou household registration system in China is being relaxed in small and medium-sized cities, which makes it easier for migrant worker parents to take their children with them to cities for work. The aim of this study was determine the potential impact on psychological well-being of this change for children by migration and hukou status. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in urban and migrant schools in the capital, Hangzhou, and in schools in two rural counties of Zhejiang Province. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 2965 children, aged 10 to 15: 867 urban children with urban hukou, 625 migrant children with rural hukou, 695 rural children with rural hukou living with parents, and 778 left behind children. The crude SDQ scores showed that children directly affected by migration (migrant children and left behind children) were most at risk of psychological problems; urban and rural children living with their parents in their accustomed environment were least vulnerable. After adjustment for confounders, migrant children were the most vulnerable to psychological problems. Given that migration with children is on the increase, efforts should be made to improve conditions in urban areas for these children, and especially to ensure access to urban public schools.
中国的户籍制度正在中小城市放宽，这使得农民工家长更容易带着孩子到城市工作。本研究旨在确定这种迁移和户籍状况对儿童心理健康的潜在影响。我们在首都杭州市的城市和农民工学校以及浙江省两个农村县的学校中使用中文版的长处和困难问卷（SDQ）进行了横断面调查。从 10 至 15 岁的 2965 名儿童中获得了完整的问卷：867 名具有城市户籍的城市儿童，625 名具有农村户籍的农民工子女，695 名与父母一起居住在农村户籍的农村儿童和 778 名留守儿童。原始 SDQ 得分表明，受直接迁移影响的儿童（农民工子女和留守儿童）面临最大的心理问题风险；而在熟悉的环境中与父母一起生活的城市和农村儿童则最不易受到影响。在调整混杂因素后，农民工子女最容易出现心理问题。鉴于带孩子的迁移人数不断增加，应努力改善这些儿童在城市的条件，特别是要确保他们能够进入城市公立学校。
