Inactivation and Mutation Drive a Convergence toward Loss of Function of H3K36 Writers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas.

Extensive dysregulation of chromatin-modifying genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been uncovered through next-generation sequencing. However, a scientific understanding of the cross-talk between epigenetic and genomic aberrations remains limited. Here we identify three ccRCC epigenetic clusters, including a clear cell CpG island methylator phenotype (C-CIMP) subgroup associated with promoter methylation of VEGF genes (, and ). C-CIMP was furthermore characterized by silencing of genes related to vasculature development. Through an integrative analysis, we discovered frequent silencing of the histone H3 K36 methyltransferase as the sole chromatin-modifying gene silenced by DNA methylation in ccRCC. Notably, tumors harboring methylation were of higher grade and stage in different ccRCC datasets. promoter methylation correlated with somatic mutations across and within spatially distinct regions of primary ccRCC tumors. ccRCC harboring epigenetic silencing of displayed a specific genome-wide methylome signature consistent with the mutation methylome signature observed in Sotos syndrome. Thus, we concluded that epigenetic silencing of genes involved in angiogenesis is a hallmark of the methylator phenotype in ccRCC, implying a convergence toward loss of function of epigenetic writers of the H3K36 histone mark as a root feature of aggressive ccRCC. .