Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
, Mandelblomsgatan 11, 745 36, Enköping, Sweden.
Ambio. 2018 Feb;47(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s13280-017-0932-8. Epub 2017 Jul 29.
In the past decade, marine protected areas (MPAs) have become an increasingly used tool for science-based conservation and adaptive management of marine biodiversity and related natural resources. In this review paper, we report on rather complete time-course series (55 years uninterrupted) focusing on comparison of the strong difference, in number and area, in establishing marine (56 MNRs) and terrestrial (4284 TNRs) nature reserves in Sweden versus marine (7001 MPAs) and terrestrial (132742 TPAs) protected areas globally. Sweden appears to follow the overall global time trends. The large backlog of MPAs in relation to TPAs is due to several possible reasons, such as (i) unclear marine jurisdiction, (ii) marine conservation policies and programs developed later than terrestrial, (iii) higher costs for marine conservation management, (iv) conflicts in marine conservation, especially the fishery, and (v) the general public's historically weak awareness of the status of the marine environment.
在过去的十年中，海洋保护区 (MPAs) 已成为基于科学的海洋生物多样性和相关自然资源保护以及适应性管理的越来越常用的工具。在这篇综述论文中，我们报告了相当完整的时间序列（55 年不间断），重点比较了瑞典建立海洋（56 个 MNRs）和陆地（4284 个 TNRs）自然保护区与全球海洋（7001 个 MPAs）和陆地（132742 个 TPA）保护区之间在数量和面积上的巨大差异。瑞典似乎遵循着全球整体的时间趋势。相对于 TPA，MPA 的大量积压是由于以下几个可能的原因：（i）海洋管辖权不明确，（ii）海洋保护政策和计划的制定晚于陆地，（iii）海洋保护管理成本更高，（iv）海洋保护方面的冲突，特别是渔业，以及（v）公众对海洋环境状况的历史上的认识薄弱。
