Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research/Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey.
Am J Prev Med. 2017 Oct;53(4):e123-e130. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.010. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
The purpose of this study was to document the association between education and suicide risk, in light of rising suicide rates and socioeconomic differentials in mortality in the U.S.
Differentials and trends in U.S. suicide rates by education were examined from 2000 to 2014 using death certificate data on 442,135 suicides from the National Center for Health Statistics and Census data. Differences in the circumstances and characteristics of suicide deaths by education were investigated using 2013 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System for nine states. Analyses were conducted in 2016.
Between 2000 and 2014, men and women aged ≥25 years with at least a college degree exhibited the lowest suicide rates; those with a high school degree displayed the highest rates. Men with a high school education were twice as likely to die by suicide compared with those with a college degree in 2014. The education gradient in suicide mortality generally remained constant over the study period. Interpersonal/relationship problems and substance abuse were more common circumstances for less educated decedents. Mental health issues and job problems were more prevalent among college-educated decedents.
The findings highlight the importance of social determinants in suicide risk, with important prevention implications.
本研究旨在记录教育与自杀风险之间的关联，鉴于美国自杀率上升以及死亡率在社会经济方面的差异。
利用国家卫生统计中心的死亡证明数据和人口普查数据，对 2000 年至 2014 年期间美国因教育程度而异的自杀率差异和趋势进行了研究，研究对象为 442,135 名自杀者。利用 2013 年来自九个州的国家暴力死亡报告系统的数据，调查了不同教育程度的自杀死亡者的情况和特征差异。分析于 2016 年进行。
在 2000 年至 2014 年期间，年龄≥25 岁且至少受过大学教育的男性和女性自杀率最低；而具有高中学历的人自杀率最高。与 2014 年有大学学历的人相比，具有高中学历的男性自杀的可能性是其两倍。在整个研究期间，自杀死亡率的教育梯度基本保持不变。人际/关系问题和药物滥用是教育程度较低的死者更常见的情况。心理健康问题和工作问题在受高等教育的死者中更为普遍。
这些发现强调了社会决定因素在自杀风险中的重要性，具有重要的预防意义。
