Lenart-Boroń Anna, Prajsnar Justyna, Boroń Piotr
Water Environ Res. 2017 Dec 1;89(12):2059-2069. doi: 10.2175/106143017X14902968254917. Epub 2017 Jul 3.
This study shows microbiological contamination of water in two main Podhale rivers, whose resources are used for the production of artificial snow, and the resulting snow contamination. Thirty-one E. coli strains were isolated from snow at two ski stations in the studied region, their antimicrobial resistance was determined, and the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes was searched for. The results indicate that the waters of both rivers are severely contaminated, resulting in the contamination of artificial snow with, among others, thermotolerant E. coli. E. coli isolated from snow were most frequently resistant to ampicillin (74.19%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (51.61% isolates). Aminoglycosides and third generation cephalosporins were most efficient among the tested antimicrobials. Some bacterial strains were multidrug resistant and three strains exhibited the ESBL mechanism. Molecular analyses showed the presence of ESBL genes in the same three strains. Genetic variation among E. coli indicates that only some genotypes are able to survive the artificial snow production process.
本研究表明，在波哈莱地区的两条主要河流中存在微生物污染，其水源被用于人工造雪，进而导致了雪的污染。从研究区域内的两个滑雪站的雪中分离出31株大肠杆菌菌株，测定了它们的抗菌耐药性，并检测了超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）基因的存在情况。结果表明，两条河流的水均受到严重污染，导致人工雪被耐热大肠杆菌等污染。从雪中分离出的大肠杆菌最常对氨苄西林（74.19%）和阿莫西林/克拉维酸（51.61%的分离株）耐药。在所测试的抗菌药物中，氨基糖苷类和第三代头孢菌素最为有效。一些细菌菌株具有多重耐药性，三株菌株表现出ESBL机制。分子分析表明，在相同的三株菌株中存在ESBL基因。大肠杆菌之间的基因变异表明，只有一些基因型能够在人工造雪过程中存活下来。
