Hamedani Ali G, Gold Daniel R
Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Neurol. 2017 Jul 18;8:329. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00329. eCollection 2017.
Eye movement abnormalities are among the earliest clinical manifestations of inherited and acquired neurodegenerative diseases and play an integral role in their diagnosis. Eyelid movement is neuroanatomically linked to eye movement, and thus eyelid dysfunction can also be a distinguishing feature of neurodegenerative disease and complements eye movement abnormalities in helping us to understand their pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the various eyelid abnormalities that can occur in neurodegenerative, neurogenetic, and neurometabolic diseases. We discuss eyelid disorders, such as ptosis, eyelid retraction, abnormal spontaneous and reflexive blinking, blepharospasm, and eyelid apraxia in the context of the neuroanatomic pathways that are affected. We also review the literature regarding the prevalence of eyelid abnormalities in different neurologic diseases as well as treatment strategies (Table 1).
眼球运动异常是遗传性和获得性神经退行性疾病最早出现的临床表现之一，在这些疾病的诊断中起着不可或缺的作用。眼睑运动在神经解剖学上与眼球运动相关联，因此眼睑功能障碍也可能是神经退行性疾病的一个显著特征，并且在帮助我们理解其病理生理学方面补充了眼球运动异常。在本综述中，我们总结了神经退行性、神经遗传性和神经代谢性疾病中可能出现的各种眼睑异常。我们在受影响的神经解剖学途径的背景下讨论眼睑疾病，如睑下垂、眼睑退缩、异常的自发和反射性眨眼、眼睑痉挛和眼睑失用症。我们还回顾了关于不同神经系统疾病中眼睑异常的患病率以及治疗策略的文献（表1）。
