Lawrence Scott A, Armstrong Charlotte B, Patrick Wayne M, Gerth Monica L
Department of Biochemistry, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 19;8:1340. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01340. eCollection 2017.
Oomycetes in the genus are among the most damaging plant pathogens worldwide. Two important species are , which causes root rot in thousands of native and agricultural plants, and , which causes kauri dieback disease in New Zealand. As is the case for other species, management options for these two pathogens are limited. Here, we have screened over 100 compounds for their anti-oomycete activity, as a potential first step toward identifying new control strategies. Our screening identified eight compounds that showed activity against both species. These included five antibiotics, two copper compounds and a quaternary ammonium cation. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory action against three stages of the life cycle: mycelial growth, zoospore germination, and zoospore motility. The inhibitory effects of the compounds were broadly similar between the two species, but their effectiveness varied widely among life cycle stages. Mycelial growth was most successfully inhibited by the antibiotics chlortetracycline and paromomycin, and the quaternary ammonium salt benzethonium chloride. Copper chloride and copper sulfate were most effective at inhibiting zoospore germination and motility, whereas the five antibiotics showed relatively poor zoospore inhibition. Benzethonium chloride was identified as a promising antimicrobial, as it is effective across all three life cycle stages. While further testing is required to determine their efficacy and potential phytotoxicity , we have provided new data on those agents that are, and those that are not, effective against and . Additionally, we present here the first published protocol for producing zoospores from , which will aid in the further study of this emerging pathogen.
属卵菌纲的卵菌是全球最具破坏力的植物病原体之一。两个重要的物种分别是，它会导致数千种本地植物和农作物发生根腐病，以及，它会在新西兰引发贝壳杉枯梢病。与其他卵菌物种的情况一样，针对这两种病原体的管理选择有限。在这里，我们筛选了100多种化合物的抗卵菌活性，作为识别新控制策略的潜在第一步。我们的筛选鉴定出了八种对这两种物种均有活性的化合物。其中包括五种抗生素、两种铜化合物和一种季铵阳离子。测试了这些化合物对该卵菌生命周期三个阶段的抑制作用：菌丝体生长、游动孢子萌发和游动孢子运动性。这两种卵菌物种之间，化合物的抑制作用大致相似，但它们在生命周期各阶段的有效性差异很大。抗生素金霉素和巴龙霉素以及季铵盐苯扎氯铵对菌丝体生长的抑制最为成功。氯化铜和硫酸铜在抑制游动孢子萌发和运动性方面最为有效，而这五种抗生素对游动孢子的抑制作用相对较差。苯扎氯铵被确定为一种有前景的抗菌剂，因为它在所有三个生命周期阶段均有效。虽然需要进一步测试以确定它们的功效和潜在的植物毒性，但我们提供了关于那些对该卵菌有效和无效的药剂的新数据。此外，我们在此展示了首个已发表的从该卵菌产生游动孢子的方案，这将有助于对这种新出现病原体的进一步研究。
