Gaaz Tayser Sumer, Sulong Abu Bakar, Kadhum Abdul Amir H, Nassir Mohamed H, Al-Amiery Ahmed A
Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Machinery Equipment Engineering Techniques, Technical College Al-Musaib, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Musaib 51009, Babil, Iraq.
Materials (Basel). 2016 Nov 22;9(11):947. doi: 10.3390/ma9110947.
Halloysite nanotubes-thermoplastic polyurethane (HNTs-TPU) nanocomposites are attractive products due to increasing demands for specialized materials. This study attempts to optimize the parameters for injection just before marketing. The study shows the importance of the preparation of the samples and how well these parameters play their roles in the injection. The control parameters for injection are carefully determined to examine the mechanical properties and the density of the HNTs-TPU nanocomposites. Three types of modified HNTs were used as untreated HNTs (HNTs), sulfuric acid treated (HNTs) and a combined treatment of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-malonic acid (MA) (treatment (HNTs)). It was found that HNTs have the most influential effect of producing HNTs-TPU nanocomposites with the best qualities. One possible reason for this extraordinary result is the effect of SDS as a disperser and MA as a crosslinker between HNTs and PVA. For the highest tensile strength, the control parameters are demonstrated at 150 °C (injection temperature), 8 bar (injection pressure), 30 °C (mold temperature), 8 min (injection time), 2 wt % (HNTs loading) and HNT (HNTs type). Meanwhile, the optimized combination of the levels for all six control parameters that provide the highest Young's modulus and highest density was found to be 150 °C (injection temperature), 8 bar (injection pressure), 32 °C (mold temperature), 8 min (injection time), 3 wt % (HNTs loading) and HNT (HNTs type). For the best tensile strain, the six control parameters are found to be 160 °C (injection temperature), 8 bar (injection pressure), 32 °C (mold temperature), 8 min (injection time), 2 wt % (HNTs loading) and HNT (HNTs type). For the highest hardness, the best parameters are 140 °C (injection temperature), 6 bar (injection pressure), 30 °C (mold temperature), 8 min (injection time), 2 wt % (HNTs loading) and HNT (HNTs type). The analyses are carried out by coordinating Taguchi and ANOVA approaches. Seemingly, HNTs has shown its very important role in the resulting product.
由于对特殊材料的需求不断增加，埃洛石纳米管-热塑性聚氨酯（HNTs-TPU）纳米复合材料成为了有吸引力的产品。本研究试图在上市前优化注塑参数。该研究表明了样品制备的重要性以及这些参数在注塑过程中发挥作用的程度。仔细确定注塑控制参数以检验HNTs-TPU纳米复合材料的机械性能和密度。使用了三种类型的改性埃洛石纳米管，分别为未处理的埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）、硫酸处理的（HNTs）以及聚乙烯醇（PVA）-十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）-丙二酸（MA）的联合处理（处理后的HNTs）。研究发现，HNTs对生产具有最佳品质的HNTs-TPU纳米复合材料具有最显著的影响。这一非凡结果的一个可能原因是SDS作为分散剂以及MA作为HNTs与PVA之间交联剂的作用。对于最高拉伸强度，控制参数为150°C（注塑温度）、8巴（注塑压力）、30°C（模具温度）、8分钟（注塑时间）、2重量%（HNTs含量）以及HNT（HNTs类型）。同时，发现提供最高杨氏模量和最高密度的所有六个控制参数的优化组合为150°C（注塑温度）、8巴（注塑压力）、32°C（模具温度）、8分钟（注塑时间）、3重量%（HNTs含量）以及HNT（HNTs类型）。对于最佳拉伸应变，六个控制参数为160°C（注塑温度）、8巴（注塑压力）、32°C（模具温度）、8分钟（注塑时间）、2重量%（HNTs含量）以及HNT（HNTs类型）。对于最高硬度，最佳参数为140°C（注塑温度）、6巴（注塑压力）、30°C（模具温度）、8分钟（注塑时间）、2重量%（HNTs含量）以及HNT（HNTs类型）。分析通过协调田口方法和方差分析方法进行。显然，HNTs在最终产品中显示出了非常重要的作用。
