Kaldmäe Margit, Zemtsovskaja Galina, Abina Jelena, Land Tiit, Viigimaa Margus
School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.
Centre of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2017;53(4):268-276. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Cardiovascular diseases are still a major public health concern in Estonia despite the decline in the mortality rate during the past decade. For better preventive strategies we aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and their relations with age, gender and ethnicity.
The cross-sectional study was carried out in Tallinn, Estonia. Two hundred individuals from each of the sex and 10-year age group (range 20-65 years of age) were randomly selected and invited to participate. Final study sample consisted of 511 men and 600 women (mean age of 46 years). Physiological measurements were taken and blood samples were drawn for standard measurements of the following markers: total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose and inflammatory markers.
Overall, 31% of the study subjects had high blood pressure, 23% had metabolic syndrome, and 55% were overweight/obese. The prevalence of all risk factors increased with age amongst both genders. The proportion of individuals having increased cholesterol, apolipoprotein B-100, and homocysteine levels was very high amongst both genders (60-80%). More Russians and other ethnic minorities compared to ethnic Estonians had calculated 10-year CHD risk≥10%.
The study established a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Estonian adults (20-65 years of age). Younger portion of the population and some extent ethnic considerations should be taken into account when designing future studies, health prevention activities and interventions.
尽管过去十年爱沙尼亚的死亡率有所下降，但心血管疾病仍是该国主要的公共卫生问题。为了制定更好的预防策略，我们旨在调查心血管疾病风险因素的患病率及其与年龄、性别和种族的关系。
在爱沙尼亚的塔林进行了一项横断面研究。从每个性别和10岁年龄组（20至65岁）中随机抽取200人并邀请其参与。最终研究样本包括511名男性和600名女性（平均年龄46岁）。进行了生理测量，并采集血样以对以下标志物进行标准测量：总胆固醇、高密度和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白、甘油三酯、葡萄糖和炎症标志物。
总体而言，31%的研究对象患有高血压，23%患有代谢综合征，55%超重/肥胖。所有风险因素的患病率在男女中均随年龄增加。男女中胆固醇、载脂蛋白B - 100和同型半胱氨酸水平升高的个体比例都非常高（60 - 80%）。与爱沙尼亚族相比，俄罗斯族和其他少数民族中计算得出的10年冠心病风险≥10%的比例更高。
该研究表明爱沙尼亚成年人（20 - 65岁）中心血管疾病风险因素的患病率很高。在设计未来研究、健康预防活动和干预措施时，应考虑年轻人群以及一定程度上的种族因素。
