Erspamer V, Falconieri Erspamer G, Cei J M
Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 1986;85(1):125-37. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(86)90063-0.
Extracts prepared from dried or fresh skins of more than 200 American amphibian species were subjected to biological screening in order to determine occurrence and contents of peptides active on smooth muscle preparations, systemic blood pressure and, subordinately, external secretions, anterior pituitary and the central nervous system. The peptide families identified in skin extracts were as follows: caruleins (caerulein, phyllocaerulein), tachykinins (physalaemin, phyllomedusin), bombesins (phyllolitorin, [Leu8]phyllolitorin, rohdeilitorin), bradykinins (phyllokinin and others), sauvagine, dermorphins (dermorphin, [Hyp6]dermorphin), tryptophyllins (numerous peptides) and, finally, miscellaneous peptides. None of the above peptide families showed a widespread distribution, but all were restricted to particular amphibian genera or stocks. The hylid frogs of the Phyllomedusinae family occupy a unique position, as their skin displayed the greatest variety and abundance of active peptides ever found in any amphibian is destined to increase because numerous other peptide molecules await isolation, elucidation of structure and definition of possible biological activities.
从200多种美洲两栖动物的干燥或新鲜皮肤中提取的提取物进行了生物学筛选，以确定对平滑肌制剂、全身血压以及次要的外分泌、垂体前叶和中枢神经系统有活性的肽的存在和含量。在皮肤提取物中鉴定出的肽家族如下：蛙皮素（蛙皮素、叶蛙皮素）、速激肽（雨蛙肽、叶泡蛙肽）、铃蟾肽（叶铃蟾肽、[亮氨酸8]叶铃蟾肽、罗德铃蟾肽）、缓激肽（叶激肽等）、蛙皮降压肽、皮啡肽（皮啡肽、[Hyp6]皮啡肽）、色氨酰肽（众多肽），最后是杂类肽。上述肽家族均未显示广泛分布，而是都局限于特定的两栖动物属或种群。叶泡蛙亚科的雨蛙科青蛙占据独特地位，因为它们的皮肤展示了在任何两栖动物中发现的活性肽的最大多样性和丰度，而且由于众多其他肽分子有待分离、结构阐明和可能生物活性的定义，这一数量注定会增加。
